Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Facet arthrosis, degenerative facet disease, degenerative joint disease
Definitions
- Osteoarthritis of synovially lined apophyseal joints
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Burnham T et al: The effectiveness of cervical medial branch radiofrequency ablation for chronic facet joint syndrome in patients selected by a practical medial branch block paradigm. Pain Med. ePub, 2020
- Kouri A et al: Mimickers of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. JBJS Rev. 6(10):e9, 2018
- Iyer A et al: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Clin Spine Surg. 29(10):408-14, 2016
- Park MS et al: Facet joint degeneration of the cervical spine: a computed tomographic analysis of 320 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(12):E713-8, 2014
- Varlotta GP et al: The lumbar facet joint: a review of current knowledge: part 1: anatomy, biomechanics, and grading. Skeletal Radiol. 40(1):13-23, 2011
- Lehman RA Jr et al: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in predicting facet arthrosis in the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(1):65-8, 2009
- Shedid D et al: Cervical spondylosis anatomy: pathophysiology and biomechanics. Neurosurgery. 60(1 Supp1 1):S7-13, 2007
- Kettler A et al: Review of existing grading systems for cervical or lumbar disc and facet joint degeneration. Eur Spine J. 2006 Jun;15(6):705-18. Epub 2005 Sep 20. Review. Erratum in: Eur Spine J. 15(6):719, 2006
- Birchall D et al: Evaluation of magnetic resonance myelography in the investigation of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Br J Radiol. 76(908):525-31, 2003
- Roberts CC et al: Oblique reformation in cervical spine computed tomography: a new look at an old friend. Spine. 28(2):167-70, 2003
- Ross JS: Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 4(3):281-91, 2000
- Truumees E et al: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy. Instr Course Lect. 49:339-60, 2000
- Grob D: Surgery in the degenerative cervical spine. Spine. 23(24):2674-83, 1998
- Kaiser JA et al: Imaging of the cervical spine. Spine. 23(24):2701-12, 1998
- Czervionke LF et al: Imaging of the spine. Techniques of MR imaging. Orthop Clin North Am. 28(4):583-616, 1997
- Oegema TR Jr et al: The inter-relationship of facet joint osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease. Br J Rheumatol. 30 Suppl 1:16-20, 1991
- Yousem DM et al: Degenerative narrowing of the cervical spine neural foramina: evaluation with high-resolution 3DFT gradient-echo MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(2):229-36, 1991
- Pathria M et al: Osteoarthritis of the facet joints: accuracy of oblique radiographic assessment. Radiology. 164(1):227-30, 1987
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Facet arthrosis, degenerative facet disease, degenerative joint disease
Definitions
- Osteoarthritis of synovially lined apophyseal joints
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Burnham T et al: The effectiveness of cervical medial branch radiofrequency ablation for chronic facet joint syndrome in patients selected by a practical medial branch block paradigm. Pain Med. ePub, 2020
- Kouri A et al: Mimickers of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. JBJS Rev. 6(10):e9, 2018
- Iyer A et al: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Clin Spine Surg. 29(10):408-14, 2016
- Park MS et al: Facet joint degeneration of the cervical spine: a computed tomographic analysis of 320 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(12):E713-8, 2014
- Varlotta GP et al: The lumbar facet joint: a review of current knowledge: part 1: anatomy, biomechanics, and grading. Skeletal Radiol. 40(1):13-23, 2011
- Lehman RA Jr et al: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in predicting facet arthrosis in the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(1):65-8, 2009
- Shedid D et al: Cervical spondylosis anatomy: pathophysiology and biomechanics. Neurosurgery. 60(1 Supp1 1):S7-13, 2007
- Kettler A et al: Review of existing grading systems for cervical or lumbar disc and facet joint degeneration. Eur Spine J. 2006 Jun;15(6):705-18. Epub 2005 Sep 20. Review. Erratum in: Eur Spine J. 15(6):719, 2006
- Birchall D et al: Evaluation of magnetic resonance myelography in the investigation of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Br J Radiol. 76(908):525-31, 2003
- Roberts CC et al: Oblique reformation in cervical spine computed tomography: a new look at an old friend. Spine. 28(2):167-70, 2003
- Ross JS: Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 4(3):281-91, 2000
- Truumees E et al: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy. Instr Course Lect. 49:339-60, 2000
- Grob D: Surgery in the degenerative cervical spine. Spine. 23(24):2674-83, 1998
- Kaiser JA et al: Imaging of the cervical spine. Spine. 23(24):2701-12, 1998
- Czervionke LF et al: Imaging of the spine. Techniques of MR imaging. Orthop Clin North Am. 28(4):583-616, 1997
- Oegema TR Jr et al: The inter-relationship of facet joint osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease. Br J Rheumatol. 30 Suppl 1:16-20, 1991
- Yousem DM et al: Degenerative narrowing of the cervical spine neural foramina: evaluation with high-resolution 3DFT gradient-echo MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(2):229-36, 1991
- Pathria M et al: Osteoarthritis of the facet joints: accuracy of oblique radiographic assessment. Radiology. 164(1):227-30, 1987
