Hyperextension injury to cervical spine with off-center force vector causing rotation and asymmetric injury
IMAGING
General Features
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Ho AL et al: Predictors of cervical vertebral and carotid artery dissection during blunt trauma: experience from a level 1 trauma center. World Neurosurg. ePub, 2020
Halfpap JP et al: Cervical spine fracture with vertebral artery dissection. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 46(10):929, 2016
Nadeau M et al: A biomechanical assessment of soft-tissue damage in the cervical spine following a unilateral facet injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 94(21):e156, 2012
Rasoulinejad P et al: The importance of the posterior osteoligamentous complex to subaxial cervical spine stability in relation to a unilateral facet injury. Spine J. 12(7):590-5, 2012
Tchako A et al: A cervical spine model to predict injury scenarios and clinical instability. Sports Biomech. 8(1):78-95, 2009
Rao SK et al: Spectrum of imaging findings in hyperextension injuries of the neck. Radiographics. 25(5):1239-54, 2005
Lifeso RM et al: Anterior fusion for rotationally unstable cervical spine fractures. Spine. 25(16):2028-34, 2000
Klein GR et al: Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of posterior cervical spine fractures. Spine. 24(8):771-4, 1999
Makan P: Neurologic compromise after an isolated laminar fracture of the cervical spine. Spine. 24(11):1144-6, 1999
London PS: Extension injuries of the neck. Injury. 18(4):223, 1987
Allen BL Jr et al: A mechanistic classification of closed, indirect fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 7(1):1-27, 1982
Woodring JH et al: Fractures of the articular processes of the cervical spine. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 139(2):341-4, 1982
Dolan KD: Cervical spine injuries below the axis. Radiol Clin North Am. 15(2):247-59, 1977
Nieminen R: Fractures of the articular processes of the lower cervical spine. An analysis of 28 cases treated conservatively. Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn. 63(3):204-11, 1974
Frankel H et al: Closed injuries of the cervical spine and spinal cord: results of conservative treatment of extension rotation injuries of the cervical spine with tetraplegia. Proc Veterans Adm Spinal Cord Inj Conf. (19):52-5, 1973
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Hyperextension injury to cervical spine with off-center force vector causing rotation and asymmetric injury
IMAGING
General Features
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Ho AL et al: Predictors of cervical vertebral and carotid artery dissection during blunt trauma: experience from a level 1 trauma center. World Neurosurg. ePub, 2020
Halfpap JP et al: Cervical spine fracture with vertebral artery dissection. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 46(10):929, 2016
Nadeau M et al: A biomechanical assessment of soft-tissue damage in the cervical spine following a unilateral facet injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 94(21):e156, 2012
Rasoulinejad P et al: The importance of the posterior osteoligamentous complex to subaxial cervical spine stability in relation to a unilateral facet injury. Spine J. 12(7):590-5, 2012
Tchako A et al: A cervical spine model to predict injury scenarios and clinical instability. Sports Biomech. 8(1):78-95, 2009
Rao SK et al: Spectrum of imaging findings in hyperextension injuries of the neck. Radiographics. 25(5):1239-54, 2005
Lifeso RM et al: Anterior fusion for rotationally unstable cervical spine fractures. Spine. 25(16):2028-34, 2000
Klein GR et al: Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of posterior cervical spine fractures. Spine. 24(8):771-4, 1999
Makan P: Neurologic compromise after an isolated laminar fracture of the cervical spine. Spine. 24(11):1144-6, 1999
London PS: Extension injuries of the neck. Injury. 18(4):223, 1987
Allen BL Jr et al: A mechanistic classification of closed, indirect fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 7(1):1-27, 1982
Woodring JH et al: Fractures of the articular processes of the cervical spine. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 139(2):341-4, 1982
Dolan KD: Cervical spine injuries below the axis. Radiol Clin North Am. 15(2):247-59, 1977
Nieminen R: Fractures of the articular processes of the lower cervical spine. An analysis of 28 cases treated conservatively. Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn. 63(3):204-11, 1974
Frankel H et al: Closed injuries of the cervical spine and spinal cord: results of conservative treatment of extension rotation injuries of the cervical spine with tetraplegia. Proc Veterans Adm Spinal Cord Inj Conf. (19):52-5, 1973
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