National Institutes of Health. Cervical cancer statistics and treatment. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/cervical/HealthProfessional. Modified February 6, 2019. Accessed May 10, 2019
Bhatla N et al: Cancer of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 143 Suppl 2:22-36, 2018
Qu JR et al: Predicting parametrial invasion in cervical carcinoma (stages IB1, IB2, and IIA): diagnostic accuracy of T2-weighted imaging combined with DWI at 3 T. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 210(3):677-84, 2018
Amin M.B. et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer New York, 2017
American Cancer Society. What are the key statistics about cervical cancer? http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-key-statistics. Accessed January 30, 2014
Fu Y: Pathology of cervical carcinoma. Global Library of Women's Medicine. https://www.glowm.com/resources/glowm/cd/pages/v4/v4c006.html. Accessed July 1, 2014
Nucci M et al: Diagnostic Pathology: Gynecological. Salt Lake City, Utah: Amirsys Publishing, Inc. 2014
Nougaret S et al: Pearls and pitfalls in MRI of gynecologic malignancy with diffusion-weighted technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(2):261-76, 2013
Tirumani SH et al: Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of endometrial and cervical carcinomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(6):1087-110, 2013
Balleyguier C et al: Staging of uterine cervical cancer with MRI: guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Eur Radiol. 21(5):1102-10, 2011
Beddy P et al: Role of MRI in intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer: what the radiologist needs to know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(3):W341-7, 2011
Liu Y et al: Differentiation of metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes in patients with uterine cervical cancer using diffusion-weighted imaging. Gynecol Oncol. 122(1):19-24, 2011
Ramirez PT et al: Laparoscopic extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy in locally advanced cervical cancer: a prospective correlation of surgical findings with positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings. Cancer. 117(9):1928-34, 2011
Son H et al: PET/CT evaluation of cervical cancer: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 30(5):1251-68, 2010
Zand B et al: Rate of para-aortic lymph node micrometastasis in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 119(3):422-5, 2010
Rezvani M et al: Imaging of cervical pathology. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 52(1):94-111, 2009
Schwarz JK et al: The role of 18F-FDG PET in assessing therapy response in cancer of the cervix and ovaries. J Nucl Med. 50 Suppl 1:64S-73S, 2009
Akin O et al: Imaging of uterine cancer. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(1):167-82, 2007
Loft A et al: The diagnostic value of PET/CT scanning in patients with cervical cancer: a prospective study. Gynecol Oncol. 106(1):29-34, 2007
Sala E et al: MRI of malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus and cervix. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):1577-87, 2007
Amit A et al: The role of hybrid PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 100(1):65-9, 2006
Unger JB et al: Detection of recurrent cervical cancer by whole-body FDG PET scan in asymptomatic and symptomatic women. Gynecol Oncol. 94(1):212-6, 2004
Yang DH et al: MRI of small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(5):1255-8, 2004
Jeong YY et al: Uterine cervical carcinoma after therapy: CT and MR imaging findings. Radiographics. 23(4):969-81; discussion 981, 2003
Kaur H et al: Diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of cervical carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(6):1621-31, 2003
Metser U et al: MR imaging findings and patterns of spread in secondary tumor involvement of the uterine body and cervix. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(3):765-9, 2003
Okamoto Y et al: MR imaging of the uterine cervix: imaging-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 23(2):425-45; quiz 534-5, 2003
Scheidler J et al: Imaging of cancer of the cervix. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(3):577-90, vii, 2002
Pannu HK et al: CT evaluation of cervical cancer: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 21(5):1155-68, 2001
Nicolet V et al: MR imaging of cervical carcinoma: a practical staging approach. Radiographics. 20(6):1539-49, 2000
Yang WT et al: Comparison of dynamic helical CT and dynamic MR imaging in the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes in cervical carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):759-66, 2000
Fulcher AS et al: Recurrent cervical carcinoma: typical and atypical manifestations. Radiographics. 19 Spec No:S103-16; quiz S264-5, 1999
Yamashita Y et al: Adenoma malignum: MR appearances mimicking nabothian cysts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 162(3):649-50, 1994
Hricak H et al: Invasive cervical carcinoma: comparison of MR imaging and surgical findings. Radiology. 166(3):623-31, 1988
LaPolla JP et al: The influence of surgical staging on the evaluation and treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 24(2):194-206, 1986
Van Nagell JR Jr et al: The staging of cervical cancer: inevitable discrepancies between clinical staging and pathologic findinges. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 110(7):973-8, 1971
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
OVERVIEW
General Comments
Classification
PATHOLOGY
Routes of Spread
General Features
Gross Pathology & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
IMAGING FINDINGS
Detection
Staging
Restaging
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Cancer Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment Options
REPORTING CHECKLIST
T Staging
N Staging
M Staging
Selected References
National Institutes of Health. Cervical cancer statistics and treatment. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/cervical/HealthProfessional. Modified February 6, 2019. Accessed May 10, 2019
Bhatla N et al: Cancer of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 143 Suppl 2:22-36, 2018
Qu JR et al: Predicting parametrial invasion in cervical carcinoma (stages IB1, IB2, and IIA): diagnostic accuracy of T2-weighted imaging combined with DWI at 3 T. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 210(3):677-84, 2018
Amin M.B. et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer New York, 2017
American Cancer Society. What are the key statistics about cervical cancer? http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-key-statistics. Accessed January 30, 2014
Fu Y: Pathology of cervical carcinoma. Global Library of Women's Medicine. https://www.glowm.com/resources/glowm/cd/pages/v4/v4c006.html. Accessed July 1, 2014
Nucci M et al: Diagnostic Pathology: Gynecological. Salt Lake City, Utah: Amirsys Publishing, Inc. 2014
Nougaret S et al: Pearls and pitfalls in MRI of gynecologic malignancy with diffusion-weighted technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(2):261-76, 2013
Tirumani SH et al: Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of endometrial and cervical carcinomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(6):1087-110, 2013
Balleyguier C et al: Staging of uterine cervical cancer with MRI: guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Eur Radiol. 21(5):1102-10, 2011
Beddy P et al: Role of MRI in intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer: what the radiologist needs to know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(3):W341-7, 2011
Liu Y et al: Differentiation of metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes in patients with uterine cervical cancer using diffusion-weighted imaging. Gynecol Oncol. 122(1):19-24, 2011
Ramirez PT et al: Laparoscopic extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy in locally advanced cervical cancer: a prospective correlation of surgical findings with positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings. Cancer. 117(9):1928-34, 2011
Son H et al: PET/CT evaluation of cervical cancer: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 30(5):1251-68, 2010
Zand B et al: Rate of para-aortic lymph node micrometastasis in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 119(3):422-5, 2010
Rezvani M et al: Imaging of cervical pathology. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 52(1):94-111, 2009
Schwarz JK et al: The role of 18F-FDG PET in assessing therapy response in cancer of the cervix and ovaries. J Nucl Med. 50 Suppl 1:64S-73S, 2009
Akin O et al: Imaging of uterine cancer. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(1):167-82, 2007
Loft A et al: The diagnostic value of PET/CT scanning in patients with cervical cancer: a prospective study. Gynecol Oncol. 106(1):29-34, 2007
Sala E et al: MRI of malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus and cervix. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):1577-87, 2007
Amit A et al: The role of hybrid PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 100(1):65-9, 2006
Unger JB et al: Detection of recurrent cervical cancer by whole-body FDG PET scan in asymptomatic and symptomatic women. Gynecol Oncol. 94(1):212-6, 2004
Yang DH et al: MRI of small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(5):1255-8, 2004
Jeong YY et al: Uterine cervical carcinoma after therapy: CT and MR imaging findings. Radiographics. 23(4):969-81; discussion 981, 2003
Kaur H et al: Diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of cervical carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(6):1621-31, 2003
Metser U et al: MR imaging findings and patterns of spread in secondary tumor involvement of the uterine body and cervix. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(3):765-9, 2003
Okamoto Y et al: MR imaging of the uterine cervix: imaging-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 23(2):425-45; quiz 534-5, 2003
Scheidler J et al: Imaging of cancer of the cervix. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(3):577-90, vii, 2002
Pannu HK et al: CT evaluation of cervical cancer: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 21(5):1155-68, 2001
Nicolet V et al: MR imaging of cervical carcinoma: a practical staging approach. Radiographics. 20(6):1539-49, 2000
Yang WT et al: Comparison of dynamic helical CT and dynamic MR imaging in the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes in cervical carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):759-66, 2000
Fulcher AS et al: Recurrent cervical carcinoma: typical and atypical manifestations. Radiographics. 19 Spec No:S103-16; quiz S264-5, 1999
Yamashita Y et al: Adenoma malignum: MR appearances mimicking nabothian cysts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 162(3):649-50, 1994
Hricak H et al: Invasive cervical carcinoma: comparison of MR imaging and surgical findings. Radiology. 166(3):623-31, 1988
LaPolla JP et al: The influence of surgical staging on the evaluation and treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 24(2):194-206, 1986
Van Nagell JR Jr et al: The staging of cervical cancer: inevitable discrepancies between clinical staging and pathologic findinges. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 110(7):973-8, 1971
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