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Gynecology
Diagnosis
Cervix
Malignant Neoplasms
Cervix Uteri Carcinoma
Cervix Uteri Carcinoma
Maryam Rezvani, MD
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7

OVERVIEW

  • General Comments

    • Classification

      PATHOLOGY

      • Routes of Spread

        • General Features

          • Gross Pathology & Surgical Features

            • Microscopic Features

              IMAGING FINDINGS

              • Detection

                • Staging

                  • Restaging

                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                    • Presentation

                      • Cancer Natural History & Prognosis

                        • Treatment Options

                          REPORTING CHECKLIST

                          • T Staging

                            • N Staging

                              • M Staging

                                Selected References

                                1. National Institutes of Health. Cervical cancer statistics and treatment. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/cervical/HealthProfessional. Modified February 6, 2019. Accessed May 10, 2019
                                2. Bhatla N et al: Cancer of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 143 Suppl 2:22-36, 2018
                                3. Qu JR et al: Predicting parametrial invasion in cervical carcinoma (stages IB1, IB2, and IIA): diagnostic accuracy of T2-weighted imaging combined with DWI at 3 T. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 210(3):677-84, 2018
                                4. Amin M.B. et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer New York, 2017
                                5. American Cancer Society. What are the key statistics about cervical cancer? http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-key-statistics. Accessed January 30, 2014
                                6. Fu Y: Pathology of cervical carcinoma. Global Library of Women's Medicine. https://www.glowm.com/resources/glowm/cd/pages/v4/v4c006.html. Accessed July 1, 2014
                                7. Nucci M et al: Diagnostic Pathology: Gynecological. Salt Lake City, Utah: Amirsys Publishing, Inc. 2014
                                8. Nougaret S et al: Pearls and pitfalls in MRI of gynecologic malignancy with diffusion-weighted technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(2):261-76, 2013
                                9. Tirumani SH et al: Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of endometrial and cervical carcinomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(6):1087-110, 2013
                                10. Balleyguier C et al: Staging of uterine cervical cancer with MRI: guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Eur Radiol. 21(5):1102-10, 2011
                                11. Beddy P et al: Role of MRI in intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer: what the radiologist needs to know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(3):W341-7, 2011
                                12. Liu Y et al: Differentiation of metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes in patients with uterine cervical cancer using diffusion-weighted imaging. Gynecol Oncol. 122(1):19-24, 2011
                                13. Ramirez PT et al: Laparoscopic extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy in locally advanced cervical cancer: a prospective correlation of surgical findings with positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings. Cancer. 117(9):1928-34, 2011
                                14. Son H et al: PET/CT evaluation of cervical cancer: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 30(5):1251-68, 2010
                                15. Zand B et al: Rate of para-aortic lymph node micrometastasis in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 119(3):422-5, 2010
                                16. Rezvani M et al: Imaging of cervical pathology. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 52(1):94-111, 2009
                                17. Schwarz JK et al: The role of 18F-FDG PET in assessing therapy response in cancer of the cervix and ovaries. J Nucl Med. 50 Suppl 1:64S-73S, 2009
                                18. Akin O et al: Imaging of uterine cancer. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(1):167-82, 2007
                                19. Loft A et al: The diagnostic value of PET/CT scanning in patients with cervical cancer: a prospective study. Gynecol Oncol. 106(1):29-34, 2007
                                20. Sala E et al: MRI of malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus and cervix. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):1577-87, 2007
                                21. Amit A et al: The role of hybrid PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 100(1):65-9, 2006
                                22. Unger JB et al: Detection of recurrent cervical cancer by whole-body FDG PET scan in asymptomatic and symptomatic women. Gynecol Oncol. 94(1):212-6, 2004
                                23. Yang DH et al: MRI of small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(5):1255-8, 2004
                                24. Jeong YY et al: Uterine cervical carcinoma after therapy: CT and MR imaging findings. Radiographics. 23(4):969-81; discussion 981, 2003
                                25. Kaur H et al: Diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of cervical carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(6):1621-31, 2003
                                26. Metser U et al: MR imaging findings and patterns of spread in secondary tumor involvement of the uterine body and cervix. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(3):765-9, 2003
                                27. Okamoto Y et al: MR imaging of the uterine cervix: imaging-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 23(2):425-45; quiz 534-5, 2003
                                28. Scheidler J et al: Imaging of cancer of the cervix. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(3):577-90, vii, 2002
                                29. Pannu HK et al: CT evaluation of cervical cancer: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 21(5):1155-68, 2001
                                30. Nicolet V et al: MR imaging of cervical carcinoma: a practical staging approach. Radiographics. 20(6):1539-49, 2000
                                31. Yang WT et al: Comparison of dynamic helical CT and dynamic MR imaging in the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes in cervical carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):759-66, 2000
                                32. Fulcher AS et al: Recurrent cervical carcinoma: typical and atypical manifestations. Radiographics. 19 Spec No:S103-16; quiz S264-5, 1999
                                33. Yamashita Y et al: Adenoma malignum: MR appearances mimicking nabothian cysts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 162(3):649-50, 1994
                                34. Hricak H et al: Invasive cervical carcinoma: comparison of MR imaging and surgical findings. Radiology. 166(3):623-31, 1988
                                35. LaPolla JP et al: The influence of surgical staging on the evaluation and treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 24(2):194-206, 1986
                                36. Van Nagell JR Jr et al: The staging of cervical cancer: inevitable discrepancies between clinical staging and pathologic findinges. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 110(7):973-8, 1971
                                Related Anatomy
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                                Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                References
                                Tables

                                Tables

                                OVERVIEW

                                • General Comments

                                  • Classification

                                    PATHOLOGY

                                    • Routes of Spread

                                      • General Features

                                        • Gross Pathology & Surgical Features

                                          • Microscopic Features

                                            IMAGING FINDINGS

                                            • Detection

                                              • Staging

                                                • Restaging

                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                  • Presentation

                                                    • Cancer Natural History & Prognosis

                                                      • Treatment Options

                                                        REPORTING CHECKLIST

                                                        • T Staging

                                                          • N Staging

                                                            • M Staging

                                                              Selected References

                                                              1. National Institutes of Health. Cervical cancer statistics and treatment. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/cervical/HealthProfessional. Modified February 6, 2019. Accessed May 10, 2019
                                                              2. Bhatla N et al: Cancer of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 143 Suppl 2:22-36, 2018
                                                              3. Qu JR et al: Predicting parametrial invasion in cervical carcinoma (stages IB1, IB2, and IIA): diagnostic accuracy of T2-weighted imaging combined with DWI at 3 T. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 210(3):677-84, 2018
                                                              4. Amin M.B. et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer New York, 2017
                                                              5. American Cancer Society. What are the key statistics about cervical cancer? http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervicalcancer/detailedguide/cervical-cancer-key-statistics. Accessed January 30, 2014
                                                              6. Fu Y: Pathology of cervical carcinoma. Global Library of Women's Medicine. https://www.glowm.com/resources/glowm/cd/pages/v4/v4c006.html. Accessed July 1, 2014
                                                              7. Nucci M et al: Diagnostic Pathology: Gynecological. Salt Lake City, Utah: Amirsys Publishing, Inc. 2014
                                                              8. Nougaret S et al: Pearls and pitfalls in MRI of gynecologic malignancy with diffusion-weighted technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(2):261-76, 2013
                                                              9. Tirumani SH et al: Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of endometrial and cervical carcinomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(6):1087-110, 2013
                                                              10. Balleyguier C et al: Staging of uterine cervical cancer with MRI: guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Eur Radiol. 21(5):1102-10, 2011
                                                              11. Beddy P et al: Role of MRI in intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer: what the radiologist needs to know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(3):W341-7, 2011
                                                              12. Liu Y et al: Differentiation of metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes in patients with uterine cervical cancer using diffusion-weighted imaging. Gynecol Oncol. 122(1):19-24, 2011
                                                              13. Ramirez PT et al: Laparoscopic extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy in locally advanced cervical cancer: a prospective correlation of surgical findings with positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings. Cancer. 117(9):1928-34, 2011
                                                              14. Son H et al: PET/CT evaluation of cervical cancer: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 30(5):1251-68, 2010
                                                              15. Zand B et al: Rate of para-aortic lymph node micrometastasis in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 119(3):422-5, 2010
                                                              16. Rezvani M et al: Imaging of cervical pathology. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 52(1):94-111, 2009
                                                              17. Schwarz JK et al: The role of 18F-FDG PET in assessing therapy response in cancer of the cervix and ovaries. J Nucl Med. 50 Suppl 1:64S-73S, 2009
                                                              18. Akin O et al: Imaging of uterine cancer. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(1):167-82, 2007
                                                              19. Loft A et al: The diagnostic value of PET/CT scanning in patients with cervical cancer: a prospective study. Gynecol Oncol. 106(1):29-34, 2007
                                                              20. Sala E et al: MRI of malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus and cervix. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):1577-87, 2007
                                                              21. Amit A et al: The role of hybrid PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 100(1):65-9, 2006
                                                              22. Unger JB et al: Detection of recurrent cervical cancer by whole-body FDG PET scan in asymptomatic and symptomatic women. Gynecol Oncol. 94(1):212-6, 2004
                                                              23. Yang DH et al: MRI of small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(5):1255-8, 2004
                                                              24. Jeong YY et al: Uterine cervical carcinoma after therapy: CT and MR imaging findings. Radiographics. 23(4):969-81; discussion 981, 2003
                                                              25. Kaur H et al: Diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of cervical carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(6):1621-31, 2003
                                                              26. Metser U et al: MR imaging findings and patterns of spread in secondary tumor involvement of the uterine body and cervix. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(3):765-9, 2003
                                                              27. Okamoto Y et al: MR imaging of the uterine cervix: imaging-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 23(2):425-45; quiz 534-5, 2003
                                                              28. Scheidler J et al: Imaging of cancer of the cervix. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(3):577-90, vii, 2002
                                                              29. Pannu HK et al: CT evaluation of cervical cancer: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 21(5):1155-68, 2001
                                                              30. Nicolet V et al: MR imaging of cervical carcinoma: a practical staging approach. Radiographics. 20(6):1539-49, 2000
                                                              31. Yang WT et al: Comparison of dynamic helical CT and dynamic MR imaging in the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes in cervical carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):759-66, 2000
                                                              32. Fulcher AS et al: Recurrent cervical carcinoma: typical and atypical manifestations. Radiographics. 19 Spec No:S103-16; quiz S264-5, 1999
                                                              33. Yamashita Y et al: Adenoma malignum: MR appearances mimicking nabothian cysts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 162(3):649-50, 1994
                                                              34. Hricak H et al: Invasive cervical carcinoma: comparison of MR imaging and surgical findings. Radiology. 166(3):623-31, 1988
                                                              35. LaPolla JP et al: The influence of surgical staging on the evaluation and treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 24(2):194-206, 1986
                                                              36. Van Nagell JR Jr et al: The staging of cervical cancer: inevitable discrepancies between clinical staging and pathologic findinges. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 110(7):973-8, 1971