Biliary obstruction involves blockage of any duct that carries bile from liver to gallbladder or from gallbladder to small intestine
Main causes of biliary obstruction
Choledocholithiasis
Pancreatic
Biliary tumors
Most common malignant biliary tumor is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with 2 subtypes
Peripheral
Hilar
Less common malignant biliary tumors
Intrabiliary metastases
Cholangiohepatoma
Ampullary carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma invading bile ducts
Cystadenocarcinoma
Benign biliary tumors
Adenomas
Hamartomas
Cystadenomas
Nontumoral biliary pathology refers to
Portal hypertensive biliopathy
(Peri-) ductal inflammation
Nontumoral biliary masses
Sludge, clot, or pus
CEUS Indications
Biliary Tree Imaging
CEUS TECHNIQUE
General Discussion
Pitfalls
IMAGING
Biliary Duct Dilatation
Biliary Abscesses
Biliary Hamartoma (von Meyenberg Complexes)
Biliary Cystadenoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Intrabiliary Metastasis
Villous Adenoma
Ampullary Carcinoma
Other Lesions
Selected References
Cokkinos DD et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the gallbladder and bile ducts: A pictorial essay. J Clin Ultrasound. 46(1):48-61, 2018
Sidhu PS et al: The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non-hepatic applications: update 2017 (long version). Ultraschall Med. 39(2):e2-e44, 2018
Sparchez Z et al: Role of CEUS in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease. Med Ultrason. 14(4):326-30, 2012
Meacock LM et al: Evaluation of gallbladder and biliary duct disease using microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Br J Radiol. 83(991):615-27, 2010
Xu HX et al: Enhancement pattern of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Eur J Radiol. 75(2):197-202, 2010
Xu HX: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the biliary system: potential uses and indications. World J Radiol. 1(1):37-44, 2009
Chen LD et al: Enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: comparison between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT. Br J Radiol. 81(971):881-9, 2008
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
CEUS Indications
Imaging
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Biliary obstruction involves blockage of any duct that carries bile from liver to gallbladder or from gallbladder to small intestine
Main causes of biliary obstruction
Choledocholithiasis
Pancreatic
Biliary tumors
Most common malignant biliary tumor is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with 2 subtypes
Peripheral
Hilar
Less common malignant biliary tumors
Intrabiliary metastases
Cholangiohepatoma
Ampullary carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma invading bile ducts
Cystadenocarcinoma
Benign biliary tumors
Adenomas
Hamartomas
Cystadenomas
Nontumoral biliary pathology refers to
Portal hypertensive biliopathy
(Peri-) ductal inflammation
Nontumoral biliary masses
Sludge, clot, or pus
CEUS Indications
Biliary Tree Imaging
CEUS TECHNIQUE
General Discussion
Pitfalls
IMAGING
Biliary Duct Dilatation
Biliary Abscesses
Biliary Hamartoma (von Meyenberg Complexes)
Biliary Cystadenoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Intrabiliary Metastasis
Villous Adenoma
Ampullary Carcinoma
Other Lesions
Selected References
Cokkinos DD et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the gallbladder and bile ducts: A pictorial essay. J Clin Ultrasound. 46(1):48-61, 2018
Sidhu PS et al: The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non-hepatic applications: update 2017 (long version). Ultraschall Med. 39(2):e2-e44, 2018
Sparchez Z et al: Role of CEUS in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease. Med Ultrason. 14(4):326-30, 2012
Meacock LM et al: Evaluation of gallbladder and biliary duct disease using microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Br J Radiol. 83(991):615-27, 2010
Xu HX et al: Enhancement pattern of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Eur J Radiol. 75(2):197-202, 2010
Xu HX: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the biliary system: potential uses and indications. World J Radiol. 1(1):37-44, 2009
Chen LD et al: Enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: comparison between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT. Br J Radiol. 81(971):881-9, 2008
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