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Ultrasound
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Liver
Vascular Conditions
CEUS Liver: Diffuse Liver Disease/Portal Hypertension/TIPS
CEUS Liver: Diffuse Liver Disease/Portal Hypertension/TIPS
Giovanna Ferraioli, MD; Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD; Annalisa Berzigotti, MD, PhD
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KEY FACTS

  • Clinical Implications

    • Imaging

      Clinical Implications

      • Diffuse Liver Disease

        CEUS Indications

        • Diffuse Liver Disease

          IMAGING

          • Evaluation of Portal Vein Thrombosis

            • Evaluation of Transhepatic Portosystemic Shunt

              • Staging of Liver Fibrosis

                • Diagnosis and Staging of Portal Hypertension

                  • Technical Pitfalls and Challenges

                    Selected References

                    1. Ferraioli G et al: Liver Ultrasound elastography: an update to the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology guidelines and recommendations. Ultrasound Med Biol. 44(12):2419-2440, 2018
                    2. Berzigotti A: Non-invasive evaluation of portal hypertension using ultrasound elastography. J Hepatol. 67(2):399-411, 2017
                    3. Dietrich CF et al: EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations on the clinical use of liver ultrasound elastography, update 2017 (long version). Ultraschall Med. 38(4):e16-e47, 2017
                    4. Garcia-Tsao G et al: Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 65(1):310-335, 2017
                    5. Kim G et al: Diagnostic accuracy of hepatic vein arrival time performed with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut Liver. 11(1):93-101, 2017
                    6. de Franchis R et al: Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 63(3):743-52, 2015
                    7. European Association for Study of Liver et al: EASL-ALEH clinical practice guidelines: non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J Hepatol. 63(1):237-64, 2015
                    8. Eisenbrey JR et al: Chronic liver disease: noninvasive subharmonic aided pressure estimation of hepatic venous pressure gradient. Radiology. 268(2):581-8, 2013
                    9. Berzigotti A et al: Ultrasound in portal hypertension--part 2--and EFSUMB recommendations for the performance and reporting of ultrasound examinations in portal hypertension. Ultraschall Med. 33(1):8-32; quiz 30-1, 2012
                    10. Kim MY et al: Hepatic vein arrival time as assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is useful for the assessment of portal hypertension in compensated cirrhosis. Hepatology. 56(3):1053-62, 2012
                    11. Berzigotti A et al: Evaluation of regional hepatic perfusion (RHP) by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 55(2):307-14, 2011
                    12. Berzigotti A et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of liver surface and transient elastography in clinically doubtful cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 52(6):846-53, 2010
                    13. Ishibashi H et al: Assessment of hepatic fibrosis by analysis of the dynamic behaviour of microbubbles during contrast ultrasonography. Liver Int. 30(9):1355-63, 2010
                    14. Piscaglia F et al: Criteria for diagnosing benign portal vein thrombosis in the assessment of patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 16(5):658-67, 2010
                    Related Anatomy
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                    References
                    Tables

                    Tables

                    KEY FACTS

                    • Clinical Implications

                      • Imaging

                        Clinical Implications

                        • Diffuse Liver Disease

                          CEUS Indications

                          • Diffuse Liver Disease

                            IMAGING

                            • Evaluation of Portal Vein Thrombosis

                              • Evaluation of Transhepatic Portosystemic Shunt

                                • Staging of Liver Fibrosis

                                  • Diagnosis and Staging of Portal Hypertension

                                    • Technical Pitfalls and Challenges

                                      Selected References

                                      1. Ferraioli G et al: Liver Ultrasound elastography: an update to the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology guidelines and recommendations. Ultrasound Med Biol. 44(12):2419-2440, 2018
                                      2. Berzigotti A: Non-invasive evaluation of portal hypertension using ultrasound elastography. J Hepatol. 67(2):399-411, 2017
                                      3. Dietrich CF et al: EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations on the clinical use of liver ultrasound elastography, update 2017 (long version). Ultraschall Med. 38(4):e16-e47, 2017
                                      4. Garcia-Tsao G et al: Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 65(1):310-335, 2017
                                      5. Kim G et al: Diagnostic accuracy of hepatic vein arrival time performed with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut Liver. 11(1):93-101, 2017
                                      6. de Franchis R et al: Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 63(3):743-52, 2015
                                      7. European Association for Study of Liver et al: EASL-ALEH clinical practice guidelines: non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J Hepatol. 63(1):237-64, 2015
                                      8. Eisenbrey JR et al: Chronic liver disease: noninvasive subharmonic aided pressure estimation of hepatic venous pressure gradient. Radiology. 268(2):581-8, 2013
                                      9. Berzigotti A et al: Ultrasound in portal hypertension--part 2--and EFSUMB recommendations for the performance and reporting of ultrasound examinations in portal hypertension. Ultraschall Med. 33(1):8-32; quiz 30-1, 2012
                                      10. Kim MY et al: Hepatic vein arrival time as assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is useful for the assessment of portal hypertension in compensated cirrhosis. Hepatology. 56(3):1053-62, 2012
                                      11. Berzigotti A et al: Evaluation of regional hepatic perfusion (RHP) by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 55(2):307-14, 2011
                                      12. Berzigotti A et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of liver surface and transient elastography in clinically doubtful cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 52(6):846-53, 2010
                                      13. Ishibashi H et al: Assessment of hepatic fibrosis by analysis of the dynamic behaviour of microbubbles during contrast ultrasonography. Liver Int. 30(9):1355-63, 2010
                                      14. Piscaglia F et al: Criteria for diagnosing benign portal vein thrombosis in the assessment of patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 16(5):658-67, 2010