American College of Radiology: Liver imaging reporting and data system. https://www.acr.org/Quality-Safety/Resources/LIRADS. Reviewed November 26, 2018. Accessed November 26, 2018
Durot I et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of malignant liver lesions. Abdom Radiol (NY). 43(4):819-847, 2018
Fowler KJ et al: LI-RADS M (LR-M): definite or probable malignancy, not specific for hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY). 43(1):149-157, 2018
Piscaglia F et al: American College of Radiology Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS) for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pictorial essay. Ultraschall Med. 38(3):320-324, 2017
Gaddikeri S et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in the noncirrhotic liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(1):W34-47, 2014
Kong WT et al: The analysis of enhancement pattern of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Abdom Imaging. 39(1):168-74, 2014
Claudon M et al: Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver - update 2012: a WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative in cooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS and ICUS. Ultrasound Med Biol. 39(2):187-210, 2013
Xu HX et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: correlation with pathological examination. Br J Radiol. 85(1016):1029-37, 2012
Yuan L et al: Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the liver: a clinicopathological study of 7 cases. HPB Surg. 2012:357694, 2012
Jang HJ et al: Enhancement patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma at contrast-enhanced US: comparison with histologic differentiation. Radiology. 244(3):898-906, 2007
Murphy-Lavallee J et al: Are metastases really hypovascular in the arterial phase? The perspective based on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med. 26(11):1545-56, 2007
Wilson SR et al: Enhancement patterns of focal liver masses: discordance between contrast-enhanced sonography and contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 189(1):W7-W12, 2007
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Clinical Implications
IMAGING
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Demographics and Prevalence
Clinical Considerations
PATHOLOGY
Liver Metastases From Extrahepatic Primary Malignancy
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Noncirrhotic Liver
IMAGING
General Features
Liver Metastases From Extrahepatic Primary Malignancy
American College of Radiology: Liver imaging reporting and data system. https://www.acr.org/Quality-Safety/Resources/LIRADS. Reviewed November 26, 2018. Accessed November 26, 2018
Durot I et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of malignant liver lesions. Abdom Radiol (NY). 43(4):819-847, 2018
Fowler KJ et al: LI-RADS M (LR-M): definite or probable malignancy, not specific for hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY). 43(1):149-157, 2018
Piscaglia F et al: American College of Radiology Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS) for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pictorial essay. Ultraschall Med. 38(3):320-324, 2017
Gaddikeri S et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in the noncirrhotic liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(1):W34-47, 2014
Kong WT et al: The analysis of enhancement pattern of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Abdom Imaging. 39(1):168-74, 2014
Claudon M et al: Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the liver - update 2012: a WFUMB-EFSUMB initiative in cooperation with representatives of AFSUMB, AIUM, ASUM, FLAUS and ICUS. Ultrasound Med Biol. 39(2):187-210, 2013
Xu HX et al: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: correlation with pathological examination. Br J Radiol. 85(1016):1029-37, 2012
Yuan L et al: Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the liver: a clinicopathological study of 7 cases. HPB Surg. 2012:357694, 2012
Jang HJ et al: Enhancement patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma at contrast-enhanced US: comparison with histologic differentiation. Radiology. 244(3):898-906, 2007
Murphy-Lavallee J et al: Are metastases really hypovascular in the arterial phase? The perspective based on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med. 26(11):1545-56, 2007
Wilson SR et al: Enhancement patterns of focal liver masses: discordance between contrast-enhanced sonography and contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 189(1):W7-W12, 2007
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