Nonseminoma is umbrella term describing primary testicular germ tumors, which includes either 1 histologic type, such as embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumors, choriocarcinoma, or mixed tumors containing > 1 histologic pattern (of which seminoma is commonly present)
Seminoma is classical term to describe pure histologic germ cell tumor
Sex cord gonadal stromal tumors account for 1% of primary testicular malignancies and they can be classified based on their cell origins: Leydig cell (from stromal cells), Sertoli cell (sex cord cells) tumors
PATHOLOGY
General Features
IMAGING
General Features
US Findings
CEUS Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Testicular Tumors
Selected References
Konstantatou E et al: Evaluation of intratesticular lesions with strain elastography using strain ratio and color map visual grading: differentiation of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. J Ultrasound Med. ePub, 2018
Rocher L et al: Burned-out testis tumors in asymptomatic infertile men: multiparametric sonography and MRI findings. J Ultrasound Med. 36(4):821-831, 2017
Kühn AL et al: Ultrasonography of the scrotum in adults. Ultrasonography. 35(3):180-97, 2016
Coursey Moreno C et al: Testicular tumors: what radiologists need to know--differential diagnosis, staging, and management. Radiographics. 35(2):400-15, 2015
Sidhu PS: Multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) imaging: terminology describing the many aspects of ultrasonography. Ultraschall Med. 36(4):315-7, 2015
Sommers D et al: Ultrasonography evaluation of scrotal masses. Radiol Clin North Am. 52(6):1265-81, 2014
Huang DY et al: Focal testicular lesions: colour Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and tissue elastography as adjuvants to the diagnosis. Br J Radiol. 85 Spec No 1:S41-53, 2012
Mirochnik B et al: Ultrasound evaluation of scrotal pathology. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(2):317-32, vi, 2012
Lewine D et al: Diagnostic Ultrasound. 4th ed. USA: Elsevier, 2011
Papatsoris AG et al: Leydig cell tumor of the testis. New cases and review of the current literature. Tumori. 90(4):422-3, 2004
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
US Findings
CEUS Findings
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT)
Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT)
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)
Definitions
Nonseminoma is umbrella term describing primary testicular germ tumors, which includes either 1 histologic type, such as embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumors, choriocarcinoma, or mixed tumors containing > 1 histologic pattern (of which seminoma is commonly present)
Seminoma is classical term to describe pure histologic germ cell tumor
Sex cord gonadal stromal tumors account for 1% of primary testicular malignancies and they can be classified based on their cell origins: Leydig cell (from stromal cells), Sertoli cell (sex cord cells) tumors
PATHOLOGY
General Features
IMAGING
General Features
US Findings
CEUS Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Testicular Tumors
Selected References
Konstantatou E et al: Evaluation of intratesticular lesions with strain elastography using strain ratio and color map visual grading: differentiation of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. J Ultrasound Med. ePub, 2018
Rocher L et al: Burned-out testis tumors in asymptomatic infertile men: multiparametric sonography and MRI findings. J Ultrasound Med. 36(4):821-831, 2017
Kühn AL et al: Ultrasonography of the scrotum in adults. Ultrasonography. 35(3):180-97, 2016
Coursey Moreno C et al: Testicular tumors: what radiologists need to know--differential diagnosis, staging, and management. Radiographics. 35(2):400-15, 2015
Sidhu PS: Multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) imaging: terminology describing the many aspects of ultrasonography. Ultraschall Med. 36(4):315-7, 2015
Sommers D et al: Ultrasonography evaluation of scrotal masses. Radiol Clin North Am. 52(6):1265-81, 2014
Huang DY et al: Focal testicular lesions: colour Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and tissue elastography as adjuvants to the diagnosis. Br J Radiol. 85 Spec No 1:S41-53, 2012
Mirochnik B et al: Ultrasound evaluation of scrotal pathology. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(2):317-32, vi, 2012
Lewine D et al: Diagnostic Ultrasound. 4th ed. USA: Elsevier, 2011
Papatsoris AG et al: Leydig cell tumor of the testis. New cases and review of the current literature. Tumori. 90(4):422-3, 2004
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