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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Nonaccidental trauma (NAT), abusive head trauma (AHT), shaken-baby syndrome (SBS)
- Nonaccidental head injury (NAHI)
Synonyms
- Battered child syndrome, whiplash shaken infant syndrome, trauma-X, Caffey-Kempe syndrome
- Multiple alternate titles have been suggested in attempt to minimize accusatory labeling in clinical setting
- May do more harm than good by causing confusion & hampering communication
Definitions
- Traumatic injury inflicted on infants & children by adults
- This discussion centers on head injury
- Traumatic injury inflicted on infants & children by adults
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Cramer JA et al: Limitations of T2*-gradient recalled-echo and susceptibility-weighted imaging in characterizing chronic subdural hemorrhage in infant survivors of abusive head trauma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. ePub, 2016
- Girard N et al: Neuroimaging differential diagnoses to abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 46(5):603-14, 2016
- Palifka LA et al: Parenchymal brain laceration as a predictor of abusive head trauma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(1):163-8, 2016
- Choudhary AK et al: Venous injury in abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 45(12):1803-13, 2015
- Cowley LE et al: Validation of a prediction tool for abusive head trauma. Pediatrics. 136(2):290-8, 2015
- Hahnemann ML et al: Imaging of bridging vein thrombosis in infants with abusive head trauma: the "tadpole sign". Eur Radiol. 25(2):299-305, 2015
- Rambaud C: Bridging veins and autopsy findings in abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 45(8):1126-31, 2015
- Wittschieber D et al: Subdural hygromas in abusive head trauma: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and forensic implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(3):432-9, 2015
- Adamsbaum C et al: Dating the abusive head trauma episode and perpetrator statements: key points for imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S578-88, 2014
- Binenbaum G et al: The eye in child abuse: key points on retinal hemorrhages and abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S571-7, 2014
- Case ME: Distinguishing accidental from inflicted head trauma at autopsy. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S632-40, 2014
- Jenny C: Alternate theories of causation in abusive head trauma: what the science tells us. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S543-7, 2014
- Nadarasa J et al: Update on injury mechanisms in abusive head trauma--shaken baby syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S565-70, 2014
- Roach JP et al: Head injury pattern in children can help differentiate accidental from non-accidental trauma. Pediatr Surg Int. 30(11):1103-6, 2014
- Silvera VM et al: Retroclival collections associated with abusive head trauma in children. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S621-31, 2014
- Vázquez E et al: Imaging abusive head trauma: why use both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging? Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S589-603, 2014
- Piteau SJ et al: Clinical and radiographic characteristics associated with abusive and nonabusive head trauma: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 130(2):315-23, 2012
- Barnes PD: Imaging of nonaccidental injury and the mimics: issues and controversies in the era of evidence-based medicine. Radiol Clin North Am. 49(1):205-29, 2011
- Ashwal S et al: Advanced neuroimaging in children with nonaccidental trauma. Dev Neurosci. 32(5-6):343-60, 2010
- Hedlund GL et al: Neuroimaging of abusive head trauma. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 5(4):280-90, 2009
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Nonaccidental trauma (NAT), abusive head trauma (AHT), shaken-baby syndrome (SBS)
- Nonaccidental head injury (NAHI)
Synonyms
- Battered child syndrome, whiplash shaken infant syndrome, trauma-X, Caffey-Kempe syndrome
- Multiple alternate titles have been suggested in attempt to minimize accusatory labeling in clinical setting
- May do more harm than good by causing confusion & hampering communication
Definitions
- Traumatic injury inflicted on infants & children by adults
- This discussion centers on head injury
- Traumatic injury inflicted on infants & children by adults
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Cramer JA et al: Limitations of T2*-gradient recalled-echo and susceptibility-weighted imaging in characterizing chronic subdural hemorrhage in infant survivors of abusive head trauma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. ePub, 2016
- Girard N et al: Neuroimaging differential diagnoses to abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 46(5):603-14, 2016
- Palifka LA et al: Parenchymal brain laceration as a predictor of abusive head trauma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(1):163-8, 2016
- Choudhary AK et al: Venous injury in abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 45(12):1803-13, 2015
- Cowley LE et al: Validation of a prediction tool for abusive head trauma. Pediatrics. 136(2):290-8, 2015
- Hahnemann ML et al: Imaging of bridging vein thrombosis in infants with abusive head trauma: the "tadpole sign". Eur Radiol. 25(2):299-305, 2015
- Rambaud C: Bridging veins and autopsy findings in abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 45(8):1126-31, 2015
- Wittschieber D et al: Subdural hygromas in abusive head trauma: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and forensic implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(3):432-9, 2015
- Adamsbaum C et al: Dating the abusive head trauma episode and perpetrator statements: key points for imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S578-88, 2014
- Binenbaum G et al: The eye in child abuse: key points on retinal hemorrhages and abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S571-7, 2014
- Case ME: Distinguishing accidental from inflicted head trauma at autopsy. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S632-40, 2014
- Jenny C: Alternate theories of causation in abusive head trauma: what the science tells us. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S543-7, 2014
- Nadarasa J et al: Update on injury mechanisms in abusive head trauma--shaken baby syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S565-70, 2014
- Roach JP et al: Head injury pattern in children can help differentiate accidental from non-accidental trauma. Pediatr Surg Int. 30(11):1103-6, 2014
- Silvera VM et al: Retroclival collections associated with abusive head trauma in children. Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S621-31, 2014
- Vázquez E et al: Imaging abusive head trauma: why use both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging? Pediatr Radiol. 44 Suppl 4:S589-603, 2014
- Piteau SJ et al: Clinical and radiographic characteristics associated with abusive and nonabusive head trauma: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 130(2):315-23, 2012
- Barnes PD: Imaging of nonaccidental injury and the mimics: issues and controversies in the era of evidence-based medicine. Radiol Clin North Am. 49(1):205-29, 2011
- Ashwal S et al: Advanced neuroimaging in children with nonaccidental trauma. Dev Neurosci. 32(5-6):343-60, 2010
- Hedlund GL et al: Neuroimaging of abusive head trauma. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 5(4):280-90, 2009
