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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Congenital obstruction of posterior nasal aperture
- Choana: Junction of posterior nasal cavity & nasopharynx
- Choanal atresia: Lack of communication between nasal cavity & nasopharynx
- Congenital obstruction of posterior nasal aperture
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Galluzzi F et al: Congenital bony nasal cavity stenosis: a review of current trends in diagnosis and treatment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 144:110670, 2021
- Messineo D et al: Radiological parameters review for choanal atresia. Pediatr Rep. 13(2):302-11, 2021
- Moreddu E et al: International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) consensus recommendations: diagnosis, pre-operative, operative and post-operative pediatric choanal atresia care. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 123:151-5, 2019
- Albdah A et al: Choanal atresia repair in pediatric patients: is the use of stents recommended? Cureus. 11(3):e4206, 2019
- Moreddu E et al: Prognostic factors and management of patients with choanal atresia. J Pediatr. 204:234-9.e1, 2019
- Smith MM et al: Pediatric nasal obstruction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 51(5):971-85 2018
- Zawawi F et al: The pathogenesis of choanal atresia. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 144(8):758-59, 2018
- Strychowsky JE et al: To stent or not to stent? A meta-analysis of endonasal congenital bilateral choanal atresia repair. Laryngoscope. 126(1):218-27, 2016
- Gangar M et al: The use of mitomycin C in pediatric airway surgery: does it work? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 22(6):521-4, 2014
- National Organization for Rare Disorders: CHARGE syndrome. http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/charge-syndrome. Reviewed May 27, 2016. Accessed May 27, 2016
- Adil E et al: Congenital nasal obstruction: clinical and radiologic review. Eur J Pediatr. 171(4):641-50, 2012
- Aslan S et al: Comparison of nasal region dimensions in bilateral choanal atresia patients and normal controls: a computed tomographic analysis with clinical implications. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 73(2):329-35, 2009
- Burrow TA et al: Characterization of congenital anomalies in individuals with choanal atresia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 135(6):543-7, 2009
- Corrales CE et al: Choanal atresia: current concepts and controversies. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 17(6):466-70, 2009
- Ramsden JD et al: Choanal atresia and choanal stenosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 42(2):339-52, x, 2009
- Hengerer AS et al: Choanal atresia: embryologic analysis and evolution of treatment, a 30-year experience. Laryngoscope. 118(5):862-6, 2008
- Samadi DS et al: Choanal atresia: a twenty-year review of medical comorbidities and surgical outcomes. Laryngoscope. 113(2):254-8, 2003
- Vanzieleghem BD et al: Imaging studies in the diagnostic workup of neonatal nasal obstruction. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 25(4):540-9, 2001
- Behar PM et al: Paranasal sinus development and choanal atresia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 126(2):155-7, 2000
- Keller JL et al: Choanal atresia, CHARGE association, and congenital nasal stenosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 33(6):1343-51, viii, 2000
- Black CM et al: Potential pitfalls in the work-up and diagnosis of choanal atresia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(2):326-9, 1998
- Slovis TL et al: Choanal atresia: precise CT evaluation. Radiology. 155(2):345-8, 1985
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Congenital obstruction of posterior nasal aperture
- Choana: Junction of posterior nasal cavity & nasopharynx
- Choanal atresia: Lack of communication between nasal cavity & nasopharynx
- Congenital obstruction of posterior nasal aperture
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Galluzzi F et al: Congenital bony nasal cavity stenosis: a review of current trends in diagnosis and treatment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 144:110670, 2021
- Messineo D et al: Radiological parameters review for choanal atresia. Pediatr Rep. 13(2):302-11, 2021
- Moreddu E et al: International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) consensus recommendations: diagnosis, pre-operative, operative and post-operative pediatric choanal atresia care. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 123:151-5, 2019
- Albdah A et al: Choanal atresia repair in pediatric patients: is the use of stents recommended? Cureus. 11(3):e4206, 2019
- Moreddu E et al: Prognostic factors and management of patients with choanal atresia. J Pediatr. 204:234-9.e1, 2019
- Smith MM et al: Pediatric nasal obstruction. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 51(5):971-85 2018
- Zawawi F et al: The pathogenesis of choanal atresia. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 144(8):758-59, 2018
- Strychowsky JE et al: To stent or not to stent? A meta-analysis of endonasal congenital bilateral choanal atresia repair. Laryngoscope. 126(1):218-27, 2016
- Gangar M et al: The use of mitomycin C in pediatric airway surgery: does it work? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 22(6):521-4, 2014
- National Organization for Rare Disorders: CHARGE syndrome. http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/charge-syndrome. Reviewed May 27, 2016. Accessed May 27, 2016
- Adil E et al: Congenital nasal obstruction: clinical and radiologic review. Eur J Pediatr. 171(4):641-50, 2012
- Aslan S et al: Comparison of nasal region dimensions in bilateral choanal atresia patients and normal controls: a computed tomographic analysis with clinical implications. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 73(2):329-35, 2009
- Burrow TA et al: Characterization of congenital anomalies in individuals with choanal atresia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 135(6):543-7, 2009
- Corrales CE et al: Choanal atresia: current concepts and controversies. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 17(6):466-70, 2009
- Ramsden JD et al: Choanal atresia and choanal stenosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 42(2):339-52, x, 2009
- Hengerer AS et al: Choanal atresia: embryologic analysis and evolution of treatment, a 30-year experience. Laryngoscope. 118(5):862-6, 2008
- Samadi DS et al: Choanal atresia: a twenty-year review of medical comorbidities and surgical outcomes. Laryngoscope. 113(2):254-8, 2003
- Vanzieleghem BD et al: Imaging studies in the diagnostic workup of neonatal nasal obstruction. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 25(4):540-9, 2001
- Behar PM et al: Paranasal sinus development and choanal atresia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 126(2):155-7, 2000
- Keller JL et al: Choanal atresia, CHARGE association, and congenital nasal stenosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 33(6):1343-51, viii, 2000
- Black CM et al: Potential pitfalls in the work-up and diagnosis of choanal atresia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(2):326-9, 1998
- Slovis TL et al: Choanal atresia: precise CT evaluation. Radiology. 155(2):345-8, 1985
