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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Malignant tumor arising from notochord remnants
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Barber SM et al: Spinal dural resection for oncological purposes: a systematic analysis of risks and outcomes in patients with malignant spinal tumors. J Neurosurg Spine. 1-10, 2019
- Stacchiotti S et al: Best practices for the management of local-regional recurrent chordoma: a position paper by the Chordoma Global Consensus Group. Ann Oncol. 28(6):1230-42, 2017
- De Amorim Bernstein K et al: Chordomas and chondrosarcomas-the role of radiation therapy. J Surg Oncol. 114(5):564-9, 2016
- Rotondo RL et al: High-dose proton-based radiation therapy in the management of spine chordomas: outcomes and clinicopathological prognostic factors. J Neurosurg Spine. 23(6):788-97, 2015
- Osaka S et al: Long-term outcome following surgical treatment of sacral chordoma. J Surg Oncol. 109(3):184-8, 2014
- Wang Y et al: Primary chordomas of the cervical spine: a consecutive series of 14 surgically managed cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 17(4):292-9, 2012
- Brennan PM et al: Chordoma masquerading as a nerve root tumour -- a clinical lesson. Br J Radiol. 82(983):e231-4, 2009
- Sciubba DM et al: Chordoma of the spinal column. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 19(1):5-15, 2008
- Takeyama J et al: Giant chordoma occupying the whole abdominal cavity. Pathology. 40(3):313-4, 2008
- Chugh R et al: Chordoma: the nonsarcoma primary bone tumor. Oncologist. 12(11):1344-50, 2007
- Boriani S et al: Chordoma of the mobile spine: fifty years of experience. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 31(4):493-503, 2006
- Takeyama J et al: Notochordal remnant-derived mass: ecchordosis physaliphora or chordoma? Pathology. 38(6):599-600, 2006
- Maclean FM et al: Chordoma: radiological-pathological correlation. Australas Radiol. 49(4):261-8, 2005
- Shinde SV et al: Craniospinal dissemination of clival chondroid chordoma. J Postgrad Med. 51(3):220-2, 2005
- Baratti D et al: Chordoma: natural history and results in 28 patients treated at a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol. 10(3):291-6, 2003
- Noel G et al: Radiation therapy for chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base and the cervical spine. Prognostic factors and patterns of failure. Strahlenther Onkol. 179(4):241-8, 2003
- Smolders D et al: Value of MRI in the diagnosis of non-clival, non-sacral chordoma. Skeletal Radiol. 32(6):343-50, 2003
- Bayar MA et al: Spinal chordoma of the terminal filum. Case report. J Neurosurg. 96(2 Suppl):236-8, 2002
- Carpentier A et al: Suboccipital and cervical chordomas: the value of aggressive treatment at first presentation of the disease. J Neurosurg. 97(5):1070-7, 2002
- Delank KS et al: Metastasizing chordoma of the lumbar spine. Eur Spine J. 11(2):167-71, 2002
- Leone A et al: Chordoma of the low cervical spine presenting with Horner's syndrome. Eur Radiol. 12 Suppl 3:S43-7, 2002
- Steenberghs J et al: Intradural chordoma without bone involvement. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 97(1 Suppl):94-7, 2002
- Arnautovic KI et al: Surgical seeding of chordomas. J Neurosurg. 95(5):798-803, 2001
- Bosma JJ et al: En bloc removal of the lower lumbar vertebral body for chordoma. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg. 94(2 Suppl):284-91, 2001
- Crapanzano JP et al: Chordoma: a cytologic study with histologic and radiologic correlation. Cancer. 93(1):40-51, 2001
- McMaster ML et al: Chordoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1973-1995. Cancer Causes Control. 12(1):1-11, 2001
- Scheil S et al: Genome-wide analysis of sixteen chordomas by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetics of the first human chordoma cell line, U-CH1. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 32(3):203-11, 2001
- Soo MY: Chordoma: review of clinicoradiological features and factors affecting survival. Australas Radiol. 45(4):427-34, 2001
- Bergh P et al: Prognostic factors in chordoma of the sacrum and mobile spine: a study of 39 patients. Cancer. 88(9):2122-34, 2000
- Tai PT et al: Management issues in chordoma: a case series. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 12(2):80-6, 2000
- Cheng EY et al: Lumbosacral chordoma. Prognostic factors and treatment. Spine. 24(16):1639-45, 1999
- Gelabert-Gonzalez M et al: Intradural cervical chordoma. Case report. J Neurosurg Sci. 43(2):159-62, 1999
- Wippold FJ 2nd et al: Clinical and imaging features of cervical chordoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(5):1423-6, 1999
- York JE et al: Sacral chordoma: 40-year experience at a major cancer center. Neurosurgery. 44(1):74-9; discussion 79-80, 1999
- Logroscino CA et al: Chordoma: long-term evaluation of 15 cases treated surgically. Chir Organi Mov. 83(1-2):87-103, 1998
- Murphy JM et al: CT and MRI appearances of a thoracic chordoma. Eur Radiol. 8(9):1677-9, 1998
- Ng SH et al: Cervical ecchordosis physaliphora: CT and MR features. Br J Radiol. 71(843):329-31, 1998
- Boriani S et al: Primary bone tumors of the spine. Terminology and surgical staging. Spine. 22(9):1036-44, 1997
- Boriani S et al: Chordoma of the spine above the sacrum. Treatment and outcome in 21 cases. Spine. 21(13):1569-77, 1996
- Catton C et al: Chordoma: long-term follow-up after radical photon irradiation. Radiother Oncol. 41(1):67-72, 1996
- Klekamp J et al: Spinal chordomas--results of treatment over a 17-year period. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 138(5):514-9, 1996
- Murphey MD et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Primary tumors of the spine: radiologic pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 16(5):1131-58, 1996
- Fagundes MA et al: Radiation therapy for chordomas of the base of skull and cervical spine: patterns of failure and outcome after relapse. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 33(3):579-84, 1995
- Hall WA et al: Sacrococcygeal chordoma metastatic to the brain with review of the literature. J Neurooncol. 25(2):155-9, 1995
- Wojno KJ et al: Chondroid chordomas and low-grade chondrosarcomas of the craniospinal axis. An immunohistochemical analysis of 17 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 16(12):1144-52, 1992
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Malignant tumor arising from notochord remnants
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Barber SM et al: Spinal dural resection for oncological purposes: a systematic analysis of risks and outcomes in patients with malignant spinal tumors. J Neurosurg Spine. 1-10, 2019
- Stacchiotti S et al: Best practices for the management of local-regional recurrent chordoma: a position paper by the Chordoma Global Consensus Group. Ann Oncol. 28(6):1230-42, 2017
- De Amorim Bernstein K et al: Chordomas and chondrosarcomas-the role of radiation therapy. J Surg Oncol. 114(5):564-9, 2016
- Rotondo RL et al: High-dose proton-based radiation therapy in the management of spine chordomas: outcomes and clinicopathological prognostic factors. J Neurosurg Spine. 23(6):788-97, 2015
- Osaka S et al: Long-term outcome following surgical treatment of sacral chordoma. J Surg Oncol. 109(3):184-8, 2014
- Wang Y et al: Primary chordomas of the cervical spine: a consecutive series of 14 surgically managed cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 17(4):292-9, 2012
- Brennan PM et al: Chordoma masquerading as a nerve root tumour -- a clinical lesson. Br J Radiol. 82(983):e231-4, 2009
- Sciubba DM et al: Chordoma of the spinal column. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 19(1):5-15, 2008
- Takeyama J et al: Giant chordoma occupying the whole abdominal cavity. Pathology. 40(3):313-4, 2008
- Chugh R et al: Chordoma: the nonsarcoma primary bone tumor. Oncologist. 12(11):1344-50, 2007
- Boriani S et al: Chordoma of the mobile spine: fifty years of experience. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 31(4):493-503, 2006
- Takeyama J et al: Notochordal remnant-derived mass: ecchordosis physaliphora or chordoma? Pathology. 38(6):599-600, 2006
- Maclean FM et al: Chordoma: radiological-pathological correlation. Australas Radiol. 49(4):261-8, 2005
- Shinde SV et al: Craniospinal dissemination of clival chondroid chordoma. J Postgrad Med. 51(3):220-2, 2005
- Baratti D et al: Chordoma: natural history and results in 28 patients treated at a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol. 10(3):291-6, 2003
- Noel G et al: Radiation therapy for chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base and the cervical spine. Prognostic factors and patterns of failure. Strahlenther Onkol. 179(4):241-8, 2003
- Smolders D et al: Value of MRI in the diagnosis of non-clival, non-sacral chordoma. Skeletal Radiol. 32(6):343-50, 2003
- Bayar MA et al: Spinal chordoma of the terminal filum. Case report. J Neurosurg. 96(2 Suppl):236-8, 2002
- Carpentier A et al: Suboccipital and cervical chordomas: the value of aggressive treatment at first presentation of the disease. J Neurosurg. 97(5):1070-7, 2002
- Delank KS et al: Metastasizing chordoma of the lumbar spine. Eur Spine J. 11(2):167-71, 2002
- Leone A et al: Chordoma of the low cervical spine presenting with Horner's syndrome. Eur Radiol. 12 Suppl 3:S43-7, 2002
- Steenberghs J et al: Intradural chordoma without bone involvement. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 97(1 Suppl):94-7, 2002
- Arnautovic KI et al: Surgical seeding of chordomas. J Neurosurg. 95(5):798-803, 2001
- Bosma JJ et al: En bloc removal of the lower lumbar vertebral body for chordoma. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg. 94(2 Suppl):284-91, 2001
- Crapanzano JP et al: Chordoma: a cytologic study with histologic and radiologic correlation. Cancer. 93(1):40-51, 2001
- McMaster ML et al: Chordoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1973-1995. Cancer Causes Control. 12(1):1-11, 2001
- Scheil S et al: Genome-wide analysis of sixteen chordomas by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetics of the first human chordoma cell line, U-CH1. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 32(3):203-11, 2001
- Soo MY: Chordoma: review of clinicoradiological features and factors affecting survival. Australas Radiol. 45(4):427-34, 2001
- Bergh P et al: Prognostic factors in chordoma of the sacrum and mobile spine: a study of 39 patients. Cancer. 88(9):2122-34, 2000
- Tai PT et al: Management issues in chordoma: a case series. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 12(2):80-6, 2000
- Cheng EY et al: Lumbosacral chordoma. Prognostic factors and treatment. Spine. 24(16):1639-45, 1999
- Gelabert-Gonzalez M et al: Intradural cervical chordoma. Case report. J Neurosurg Sci. 43(2):159-62, 1999
- Wippold FJ 2nd et al: Clinical and imaging features of cervical chordoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(5):1423-6, 1999
- York JE et al: Sacral chordoma: 40-year experience at a major cancer center. Neurosurgery. 44(1):74-9; discussion 79-80, 1999
- Logroscino CA et al: Chordoma: long-term evaluation of 15 cases treated surgically. Chir Organi Mov. 83(1-2):87-103, 1998
- Murphy JM et al: CT and MRI appearances of a thoracic chordoma. Eur Radiol. 8(9):1677-9, 1998
- Ng SH et al: Cervical ecchordosis physaliphora: CT and MR features. Br J Radiol. 71(843):329-31, 1998
- Boriani S et al: Primary bone tumors of the spine. Terminology and surgical staging. Spine. 22(9):1036-44, 1997
- Boriani S et al: Chordoma of the spine above the sacrum. Treatment and outcome in 21 cases. Spine. 21(13):1569-77, 1996
- Catton C et al: Chordoma: long-term follow-up after radical photon irradiation. Radiother Oncol. 41(1):67-72, 1996
- Klekamp J et al: Spinal chordomas--results of treatment over a 17-year period. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 138(5):514-9, 1996
- Murphey MD et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Primary tumors of the spine: radiologic pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 16(5):1131-58, 1996
- Fagundes MA et al: Radiation therapy for chordomas of the base of skull and cervical spine: patterns of failure and outcome after relapse. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 33(3):579-84, 1995
- Hall WA et al: Sacrococcygeal chordoma metastatic to the brain with review of the literature. J Neurooncol. 25(2):155-9, 1995
- Wojno KJ et al: Chondroid chordomas and low-grade chondrosarcomas of the craniospinal axis. An immunohistochemical analysis of 17 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 16(12):1144-52, 1992
