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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Chronic pericarditis
- Chronic sclerosing pericarditis
- Chronic fibrosing pericarditis
Definitions
- No strict definition of chronic pericarditis, although some criteria have been suggested
- Acute pericarditis: Acute inflammation of pericardium that resolves in majority of patients
- Incessant pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium that persists for 4-6 weeks
- Chronic pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium lasting > 3 months; often associated with pericardial fibrosis
- Recurrent pericarditis: Relapse of pericarditis with ~ 4-6 weeks between previous and current episode
- Chronic pericarditis is not synonymous with constrictive pericarditis
- While many patients have pericardial fibrosis, not all patients with pericardial fibrosis have physiologic constriction
- However, nearly all patients with pericardial constriction do have pericardial fibrosis
- No strict definition of chronic pericarditis, although some criteria have been suggested
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Kligerman S: Imaging of pericardial disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(1):179-99, 2019
- Cremer PC et al: Complicated pericarditis: understanding risk factors and pathophysiology to inform imaging and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(21):2311-28, 2016
- Aquaro GD et al: Role of tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 31(5):1021-31, 2015
- Alter P et al: MR, CT, and PET imaging in pericardial disease. Heart Fail Rev. 18(3):289-306, 2013
- Bogaert J et al: Pericardial disease: value of CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 267(2):340-56, 2013
- Young PM et al: MR imaging findings in 76 consecutive surgically proven cases of pericardial disease with CT and pathologic correlation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 28(5):1099-109, 2012
- Zurick AO et al: Pericardial delayed hyperenhancement with CMR imaging in patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing surgical pericardiectomy: a case series with histopathological correlation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 4(11):1180-91, 2011
- Soler-Soler J et al: Relapsing pericarditis. Heart. 90(11):1364-8, 2004
- Wang ZJ et al: CT and MR imaging of pericardial disease. Radiographics. 23 Spec No:S167-80, 2003
- Fowler NO et al: Recurrent acute pericarditis: follow-up study of 31 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 7(2):300-5, 1986
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Chronic pericarditis
- Chronic sclerosing pericarditis
- Chronic fibrosing pericarditis
Definitions
- No strict definition of chronic pericarditis, although some criteria have been suggested
- Acute pericarditis: Acute inflammation of pericardium that resolves in majority of patients
- Incessant pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium that persists for 4-6 weeks
- Chronic pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium lasting > 3 months; often associated with pericardial fibrosis
- Recurrent pericarditis: Relapse of pericarditis with ~ 4-6 weeks between previous and current episode
- Chronic pericarditis is not synonymous with constrictive pericarditis
- While many patients have pericardial fibrosis, not all patients with pericardial fibrosis have physiologic constriction
- However, nearly all patients with pericardial constriction do have pericardial fibrosis
- No strict definition of chronic pericarditis, although some criteria have been suggested
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Kligerman S: Imaging of pericardial disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(1):179-99, 2019
- Cremer PC et al: Complicated pericarditis: understanding risk factors and pathophysiology to inform imaging and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(21):2311-28, 2016
- Aquaro GD et al: Role of tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 31(5):1021-31, 2015
- Alter P et al: MR, CT, and PET imaging in pericardial disease. Heart Fail Rev. 18(3):289-306, 2013
- Bogaert J et al: Pericardial disease: value of CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 267(2):340-56, 2013
- Young PM et al: MR imaging findings in 76 consecutive surgically proven cases of pericardial disease with CT and pathologic correlation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 28(5):1099-109, 2012
- Zurick AO et al: Pericardial delayed hyperenhancement with CMR imaging in patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing surgical pericardiectomy: a case series with histopathological correlation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 4(11):1180-91, 2011
- Soler-Soler J et al: Relapsing pericarditis. Heart. 90(11):1364-8, 2004
- Wang ZJ et al: CT and MR imaging of pericardial disease. Radiographics. 23 Spec No:S167-80, 2003
- Fowler NO et al: Recurrent acute pericarditis: follow-up study of 31 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 7(2):300-5, 1986
