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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Chronic pericarditis
Chronic sclerosing pericarditis
Chronic fibrosing pericarditis
Definitions
No strict definition of chronic pericarditis, although some criteria have been suggested
Acute pericarditis: Acute inflammation of pericardium that resolves in majority of patients
Incessant pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium that persists for 4-6 weeks
Chronic pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium lasting > 3 months; often associated with pericardial fibrosis
Recurrent pericarditis: Relapse of pericarditis with ~ 4-6 weeks between previous and current episode
Chronic pericarditis is not synonymous with constrictive pericarditis
While many patients have pericardial fibrosis, not all patients with pericardial fibrosis have physiologic constriction
However, nearly all patients with pericardial constriction do have pericardial fibrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Kligerman S: Imaging of pericardial disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(1):179-99, 2019
Cremer PC et al: Complicated pericarditis: understanding risk factors and pathophysiology to inform imaging and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(21):2311-28, 2016
Aquaro GD et al: Role of tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 31(5):1021-31, 2015
Alter P et al: MR, CT, and PET imaging in pericardial disease. Heart Fail Rev. 18(3):289-306, 2013
Bogaert J et al: Pericardial disease: value of CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 267(2):340-56, 2013
Young PM et al: MR imaging findings in 76 consecutive surgically proven cases of pericardial disease with CT and pathologic correlation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 28(5):1099-109, 2012
Zurick AO et al: Pericardial delayed hyperenhancement with CMR imaging in patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing surgical pericardiectomy: a case series with histopathological correlation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 4(11):1180-91, 2011
Soler-Soler J et al: Relapsing pericarditis. Heart. 90(11):1364-8, 2004
Wang ZJ et al: CT and MR imaging of pericardial disease. Radiographics. 23 Spec No:S167-80, 2003
Fowler NO et al: Recurrent acute pericarditis: follow-up study of 31 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 7(2):300-5, 1986
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Chronic pericarditis
Chronic sclerosing pericarditis
Chronic fibrosing pericarditis
Definitions
No strict definition of chronic pericarditis, although some criteria have been suggested
Acute pericarditis: Acute inflammation of pericardium that resolves in majority of patients
Incessant pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium that persists for 4-6 weeks
Chronic pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium lasting > 3 months; often associated with pericardial fibrosis
Recurrent pericarditis: Relapse of pericarditis with ~ 4-6 weeks between previous and current episode
Chronic pericarditis is not synonymous with constrictive pericarditis
While many patients have pericardial fibrosis, not all patients with pericardial fibrosis have physiologic constriction
However, nearly all patients with pericardial constriction do have pericardial fibrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Kligerman S: Imaging of pericardial disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(1):179-99, 2019
Cremer PC et al: Complicated pericarditis: understanding risk factors and pathophysiology to inform imaging and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 68(21):2311-28, 2016
Aquaro GD et al: Role of tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 31(5):1021-31, 2015
Alter P et al: MR, CT, and PET imaging in pericardial disease. Heart Fail Rev. 18(3):289-306, 2013
Bogaert J et al: Pericardial disease: value of CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 267(2):340-56, 2013
Young PM et al: MR imaging findings in 76 consecutive surgically proven cases of pericardial disease with CT and pathologic correlation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 28(5):1099-109, 2012
Zurick AO et al: Pericardial delayed hyperenhancement with CMR imaging in patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing surgical pericardiectomy: a case series with histopathological correlation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 4(11):1180-91, 2011
Soler-Soler J et al: Relapsing pericarditis. Heart. 90(11):1364-8, 2004
Wang ZJ et al: CT and MR imaging of pericardial disease. Radiographics. 23 Spec No:S167-80, 2003
Fowler NO et al: Recurrent acute pericarditis: follow-up study of 31 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 7(2):300-5, 1986
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