Aseptic autoinflammatory bone disease, generally in children and adolescents and most commonly multifocal
CRMO is multifocal version of CNO; terms occasionally used interchangeably in literature
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Capponi M et al: Assessment of disease activity using a whole-body MRI derived radiological activity index in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 19(1):123, 2021
Zhao DY et al: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). J Transl Autoimmun. 4:100095, 2021
Mahady S et al: Clinical and diagnostic considerations for atypical, adult onset presentation of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Case Rep Rheumatol. 2019:8206892, 2019
Hofmann SR et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO): presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 15(6):542-54, 2017
Handly B et al: Bisphosphonate therapy for chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Skeletal Radiol. 42(12):1741-2, 1777-8, 2013
Iyer RS et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(6 Suppl):S87-91, 2011
Fritz J et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: comparison of whole-body MR imaging with radiography and correlation with clinical and laboratory data. Radiology. 252(3):842-51, 2009
Gikas PD et al: Nonbacterial osteitis: a clinical, histopathological, and imaging study with a proposal for protocol-based management of patients with this diagnosis. J Orthop Sci. 14(5):505-16, 2009
Khanna G et al: Imaging of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Radiographics. 29(4):1159-77, 2009
Miettunen PM et al: Dramatic pain relief and resolution of bone inflammation following pamidronate in 9 pediatric patients with persistent chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 7:2, 2009
Catalano-Pons C et al: Clinical outcome in children with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 47(9):1397-9, 2008
Hobolth L et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis demonstrated by Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan. Clin Nucl Med. 33(1):61-3, 2008
Abril JC et al: Successful treatment of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis with indomethacin: a preliminary report of five cases. J Pediatr Orthop. 27(5):587-91, 2007
Girschick HJ et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: what is it and how should it be treated? Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 3(12):733-8, 2007
Aseptic autoinflammatory bone disease, generally in children and adolescents and most commonly multifocal
CRMO is multifocal version of CNO; terms occasionally used interchangeably in literature
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Capponi M et al: Assessment of disease activity using a whole-body MRI derived radiological activity index in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 19(1):123, 2021
Zhao DY et al: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). J Transl Autoimmun. 4:100095, 2021
Mahady S et al: Clinical and diagnostic considerations for atypical, adult onset presentation of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Case Rep Rheumatol. 2019:8206892, 2019
Hofmann SR et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO): presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 15(6):542-54, 2017
Handly B et al: Bisphosphonate therapy for chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Skeletal Radiol. 42(12):1741-2, 1777-8, 2013
Iyer RS et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(6 Suppl):S87-91, 2011
Fritz J et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: comparison of whole-body MR imaging with radiography and correlation with clinical and laboratory data. Radiology. 252(3):842-51, 2009
Gikas PD et al: Nonbacterial osteitis: a clinical, histopathological, and imaging study with a proposal for protocol-based management of patients with this diagnosis. J Orthop Sci. 14(5):505-16, 2009
Khanna G et al: Imaging of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Radiographics. 29(4):1159-77, 2009
Miettunen PM et al: Dramatic pain relief and resolution of bone inflammation following pamidronate in 9 pediatric patients with persistent chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 7:2, 2009
Catalano-Pons C et al: Clinical outcome in children with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 47(9):1397-9, 2008
Hobolth L et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis demonstrated by Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan. Clin Nucl Med. 33(1):61-3, 2008
Abril JC et al: Successful treatment of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis with indomethacin: a preliminary report of five cases. J Pediatr Orthop. 27(5):587-91, 2007
Girschick HJ et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: what is it and how should it be treated? Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 3(12):733-8, 2007