Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO)
Synonyms
- Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO)
- Newer term proposed as process may be unifocal
- Many other terms have been used
- Subacute & chronic recurrent osteomyelitis, chronic multifocal symmetric osteomyelitis, chronic multifocal cleidometaphyseal osteomyelitis, chronic sclerosing osteitis, sternoclavicular pustulotic osteitis
- Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO)
Definitions
- Idiopathic disorder with multifocal, nonpyogenic inflammatory bone lesions & relapsing/remitting course
Associated Syndromes
- May be in spectrum of diseases with SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis)
- Chronic sclerosing osteitis of tubular diaphyses may also be in spectrum of CRMO & SAPHO
- Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garré may be synonymous when involving long bones
- Associated with other inflammatory conditions [e.g., psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)]
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Laboratory Tests
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Sato TS et al: Imaging mimics of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: avoiding pitfalls in a diagnosis of exclusion. Pediatr Radiol. 50(1):124-36, 2020
- Andronikou S et al: Radiological diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis using whole-body MRI-based lesion distribution patterns. Clin Radiol. 74(9):737.e3-e15, 2019
- Zhao Y et al: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 65(4):783-800, 2018
- Leclair N et al: Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children. PLoS One. 11(1):e0147523, 2016
- Voit AM et al: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: clinical longterm assessment may underestimate activity. J Rheumatol. 42(8):1455-62, 2015
- Falip C et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO): a longitudinal case series review. Pediatr Radiol. 43(3):355-75, 2013
- Nguyen MT et al: The SAPHO syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 42(3):254-65, 2012
- Eisenstein EM et al: Combination therapy with methotrexate and etanercept for refractory chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. J Rheumatol. 38(4):782-3, 2011
- Iyer RS et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(6 Suppl):S87-91, 2011
- Eleftheriou D et al: Biologic therapy in refractory chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis of childhood. Rheumatology (Oxford). 49(8):1505-12, 2010
- Costelloe CM et al: Imaging chronic sclerosing osteitis of the diaphysis of tubular bones. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(3):736-42, 2009
- Fritz J et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: comparison of whole-body MR imaging with radiography and correlation with clinical and laboratory data. Radiology. 252(3):842-51, 2009
- Khanna G et al: Imaging of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Radiographics. 29(4):1159-77, 2009
- Rozin AP: SAPHO syndrome: is a range of pathogen-associated rheumatic diseases extended? Arthritis Res Ther. 11(6):131, 2009
- Suresh S et al: Unveiling the 'unique bone': a study of the distribution of focal clavicular lesions. Skeletal Radiol. 37(8):749-56, 2008
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO)
Synonyms
- Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO)
- Newer term proposed as process may be unifocal
- Many other terms have been used
- Subacute & chronic recurrent osteomyelitis, chronic multifocal symmetric osteomyelitis, chronic multifocal cleidometaphyseal osteomyelitis, chronic sclerosing osteitis, sternoclavicular pustulotic osteitis
- Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO)
Definitions
- Idiopathic disorder with multifocal, nonpyogenic inflammatory bone lesions & relapsing/remitting course
Associated Syndromes
- May be in spectrum of diseases with SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis)
- Chronic sclerosing osteitis of tubular diaphyses may also be in spectrum of CRMO & SAPHO
- Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garré may be synonymous when involving long bones
- Associated with other inflammatory conditions [e.g., psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)]
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Laboratory Tests
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Sato TS et al: Imaging mimics of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: avoiding pitfalls in a diagnosis of exclusion. Pediatr Radiol. 50(1):124-36, 2020
- Andronikou S et al: Radiological diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis using whole-body MRI-based lesion distribution patterns. Clin Radiol. 74(9):737.e3-e15, 2019
- Zhao Y et al: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 65(4):783-800, 2018
- Leclair N et al: Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children. PLoS One. 11(1):e0147523, 2016
- Voit AM et al: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: clinical longterm assessment may underestimate activity. J Rheumatol. 42(8):1455-62, 2015
- Falip C et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO): a longitudinal case series review. Pediatr Radiol. 43(3):355-75, 2013
- Nguyen MT et al: The SAPHO syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 42(3):254-65, 2012
- Eisenstein EM et al: Combination therapy with methotrexate and etanercept for refractory chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. J Rheumatol. 38(4):782-3, 2011
- Iyer RS et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(6 Suppl):S87-91, 2011
- Eleftheriou D et al: Biologic therapy in refractory chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis of childhood. Rheumatology (Oxford). 49(8):1505-12, 2010
- Costelloe CM et al: Imaging chronic sclerosing osteitis of the diaphysis of tubular bones. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(3):736-42, 2009
- Fritz J et al: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: comparison of whole-body MR imaging with radiography and correlation with clinical and laboratory data. Radiology. 252(3):842-51, 2009
- Khanna G et al: Imaging of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Radiographics. 29(4):1159-77, 2009
- Rozin AP: SAPHO syndrome: is a range of pathogen-associated rheumatic diseases extended? Arthritis Res Ther. 11(6):131, 2009
- Suresh S et al: Unveiling the 'unique bone': a study of the distribution of focal clavicular lesions. Skeletal Radiol. 37(8):749-56, 2008
