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Gastrointestinal
Diagnosis
Liver
Inflammation
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis
Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Diagnostic Checklist

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Definitions

            • Chronic liver disease characterized by diffuse parenchymal injury, extensive fibrosis, and conversion of liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • CT Findings

              • MR Findings

                • Ultrasonographic Findings

                  • Imaging Recommendations

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      PATHOLOGY

                      • General Features

                        • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                            • Microscopic Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Consider

                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                          • Reporting Tips

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Beland MD et al: A pilot study estimating liver fibrosis with ultrasound shear-wave elastography: does the cause of liver disease or location of measurement affect performance? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(3):W267-73, 2014
                                            2. Jha RC et al: LI-RADS categorization of benign and likely benign findings in patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pictorial atlas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(1):W48-69, 2014
                                            3. Khalili K et al: Indeterminate 1-2-cm nodules found on hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: biopsy for all, some, or none? Hepatology. 54(6):2048-54, 2011
                                            4. Lai M et al: Editorial: staging liver fibrosis in hepatitis C: a challenge for this decade. Am J Gastroenterol. 106(12):2121-2, 2011
                                            5. Starr SP et al: Cirrhosis: diagnosis, management, and prevention. Am Fam Physician. 84(12):1353-9, 2011
                                            6. Vivarelli M et al: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis: strategies to avoid tumor recurrence. World J Gastroenterol. 17(43):4741-6, 2011
                                            7. European Association for the Study of the Liver: EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 53(3):397-417, 2010
                                            8. Boll DT et al: Diffuse liver disease: strategies for hepatic CT and MR imaging. Radiographics. 29(6):1591-614, 2009
                                            9. Chung JJ et al: Nonhypervascular hypoattenuating nodules depicted on either portal or equilibrium phase multiphasic CT images in the cirrhotic liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(1):207-14, 2008
                                            10. Hanna RF et al: Cirrhosis-associated hepatocellular nodules: correlation of histopathologic and MR imaging features. Radiographics. 28(3):747-69, 2008
                                            11. Tublin ME et al: Altered liver morphology after portal vein thrombosis: not always cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci. 53(10):2784-8, 2008
                                            12. Willatt JM et al: MR Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver: challenges and controversies. Radiology. 247(2):311-30, 2008
                                            13. Jeong YY et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver with helical CT and MRI: imaging spectrum and pitfalls of cirrhosis-related nodules. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(4):1024-32, 2005
                                            14. Krinsky GA et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules in patients with cirrhosis: prospective diagnosis with MR imaging and explantation correlation. Radiology. 219(2):445-54, 2001
                                            15. Lim JH et al: Detection of hepatocellular carcinomas and dysplastic nodules in cirrhotic livers: accuracy of helical CT in transplant patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):693-8, 2000
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Terminology

                                              • Imaging

                                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                  • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Chronic liver disease characterized by diffuse parenchymal injury, extensive fibrosis, and conversion of liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                                • General Features

                                                                  • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                    • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                      • Microscopic Features

                                                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                        • Presentation

                                                                          • Demographics

                                                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                              • Treatment

                                                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                • Consider

                                                                                  • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                    • Reporting Tips

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Beland MD et al: A pilot study estimating liver fibrosis with ultrasound shear-wave elastography: does the cause of liver disease or location of measurement affect performance? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(3):W267-73, 2014
                                                                                      2. Jha RC et al: LI-RADS categorization of benign and likely benign findings in patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pictorial atlas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(1):W48-69, 2014
                                                                                      3. Khalili K et al: Indeterminate 1-2-cm nodules found on hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: biopsy for all, some, or none? Hepatology. 54(6):2048-54, 2011
                                                                                      4. Lai M et al: Editorial: staging liver fibrosis in hepatitis C: a challenge for this decade. Am J Gastroenterol. 106(12):2121-2, 2011
                                                                                      5. Starr SP et al: Cirrhosis: diagnosis, management, and prevention. Am Fam Physician. 84(12):1353-9, 2011
                                                                                      6. Vivarelli M et al: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis: strategies to avoid tumor recurrence. World J Gastroenterol. 17(43):4741-6, 2011
                                                                                      7. European Association for the Study of the Liver: EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 53(3):397-417, 2010
                                                                                      8. Boll DT et al: Diffuse liver disease: strategies for hepatic CT and MR imaging. Radiographics. 29(6):1591-614, 2009
                                                                                      9. Chung JJ et al: Nonhypervascular hypoattenuating nodules depicted on either portal or equilibrium phase multiphasic CT images in the cirrhotic liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(1):207-14, 2008
                                                                                      10. Hanna RF et al: Cirrhosis-associated hepatocellular nodules: correlation of histopathologic and MR imaging features. Radiographics. 28(3):747-69, 2008
                                                                                      11. Tublin ME et al: Altered liver morphology after portal vein thrombosis: not always cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci. 53(10):2784-8, 2008
                                                                                      12. Willatt JM et al: MR Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver: challenges and controversies. Radiology. 247(2):311-30, 2008
                                                                                      13. Jeong YY et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver with helical CT and MRI: imaging spectrum and pitfalls of cirrhosis-related nodules. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(4):1024-32, 2005
                                                                                      14. Krinsky GA et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules in patients with cirrhosis: prospective diagnosis with MR imaging and explantation correlation. Radiology. 219(2):445-54, 2001
                                                                                      15. Lim JH et al: Detection of hepatocellular carcinomas and dysplastic nodules in cirrhotic livers: accuracy of helical CT in transplant patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):693-8, 2000
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