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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Anorectal malformation in female patients in which rectum, urethra, & vagina converge to form common channel (CC) that drains to single perineal orifice (which allows clinical diagnosis)
- Imaging may be performed in neonate (to fully assess anomalies) after colostomy, prior to definitive repair (to discern fine details of connections), &/or postrepair for complications
- Anorectal malformation in female patients in which rectum, urethra, & vagina converge to form common channel (CC) that drains to single perineal orifice (which allows clinical diagnosis)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Abdelmalak Abokandil M et al: Correlation between common channel length and urethral length in cloacal malformations. Eur J Pediatr Surg. ePub, 2021
- Chow JS et al: Contrast-enhanced genitosonography and colosonography: emerging alternatives to fluoroscopy. Pediatr Radiol. ePub, 2021
- Wood RJ et al: Cloacal malformations: technical aspects of the reconstruction and factors which predict surgical complexity. Front Pediatr. 7:240, 2019
- Wood RJ et al: Cloaca reconstruction: a new algorithm which considers the role of urethral length in determining surgical planning. J Pediatr Surg. S0022-3468(17)30644-9, 2017
- Bischoff A: The surgical treatment of cloaca. Semin Pediatr Surg. 25(2):102-7, 2016
- Kraus SJ: Radiologic diagnosis of a newborn with cloaca. Semin Pediatr Surg. 25(2):76-81, 2016
- Patel MN: Use of rotational fluoroscopy and 3-D reconstruction for pre-operative imaging of complex cloacal malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 25(2):96-101, 2016
- Peiro JL et al: Prenatal diagnosis of cloacal malformation. Semin Pediatr Surg. 25(2):71-5, 2016
- Calvo-Garcia MA et al: Fetal MRI clues to diagnose cloacal malformations. Pediatr Radiol. 41(9):1117-28, 2011
- Warne SA et al: Understanding cloacal anomalies. Arch Dis Child. 96(11):1072-6, 2011
- Bischoff A et al: Prenatal diagnosis of cloacal malformations. Pediatr Surg Int. 26(11):1071-5, 2010
- Levitt MA et al: Cloacal malformations: lessons learned from 490 cases. Semin Pediatr Surg. 19(2):128-38, 2010
- Shono T et al: Prenatal ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings of congenital cloacal anomalies associated with meconium peritonitis. J Pediatr Surg. 42(4):681-4, 2007
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Anorectal malformation in female patients in which rectum, urethra, & vagina converge to form common channel (CC) that drains to single perineal orifice (which allows clinical diagnosis)
- Imaging may be performed in neonate (to fully assess anomalies) after colostomy, prior to definitive repair (to discern fine details of connections), &/or postrepair for complications
- Anorectal malformation in female patients in which rectum, urethra, & vagina converge to form common channel (CC) that drains to single perineal orifice (which allows clinical diagnosis)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Abdelmalak Abokandil M et al: Correlation between common channel length and urethral length in cloacal malformations. Eur J Pediatr Surg. ePub, 2021
- Chow JS et al: Contrast-enhanced genitosonography and colosonography: emerging alternatives to fluoroscopy. Pediatr Radiol. ePub, 2021
- Wood RJ et al: Cloacal malformations: technical aspects of the reconstruction and factors which predict surgical complexity. Front Pediatr. 7:240, 2019
- Wood RJ et al: Cloaca reconstruction: a new algorithm which considers the role of urethral length in determining surgical planning. J Pediatr Surg. S0022-3468(17)30644-9, 2017
- Bischoff A: The surgical treatment of cloaca. Semin Pediatr Surg. 25(2):102-7, 2016
- Kraus SJ: Radiologic diagnosis of a newborn with cloaca. Semin Pediatr Surg. 25(2):76-81, 2016
- Patel MN: Use of rotational fluoroscopy and 3-D reconstruction for pre-operative imaging of complex cloacal malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 25(2):96-101, 2016
- Peiro JL et al: Prenatal diagnosis of cloacal malformation. Semin Pediatr Surg. 25(2):71-5, 2016
- Calvo-Garcia MA et al: Fetal MRI clues to diagnose cloacal malformations. Pediatr Radiol. 41(9):1117-28, 2011
- Warne SA et al: Understanding cloacal anomalies. Arch Dis Child. 96(11):1072-6, 2011
- Bischoff A et al: Prenatal diagnosis of cloacal malformations. Pediatr Surg Int. 26(11):1071-5, 2010
- Levitt MA et al: Cloacal malformations: lessons learned from 490 cases. Semin Pediatr Surg. 19(2):128-38, 2010
- Shono T et al: Prenatal ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings of congenital cloacal anomalies associated with meconium peritonitis. J Pediatr Surg. 42(4):681-4, 2007
