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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Talipes equinovarus
Definitions
- Congenital fixed foot deformity consisting of
- Hindfoot equinus (plantarflexion of calcaneus relative to tibia)
- Inversion of calcaneus relative to talus (hindfoot varus)
- Adduction and supination of metatarsals (forefoot varus)
- Congenital fixed foot deformity consisting of
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Winfeld MJ et al: Management of pediatric foot deformities: an imaging review. Pediatr Radiol. 49(12):1678-90, 2019
- Shaheen S et al: Arterial tree anomalies in patients with clubfoot: an investigation carried out at Soba University Hospital. J Pediatr Orthop B. 27(1):67-72, 2018
- Atanda AA et al: Prognostic value of the radiologic appearance of the navicular ossification center in congenital talipes equinovarus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 54(5):844-7, 2015
- Burghardt RD et al: Growth disturbance of the distal tibia in patients with idiopathic clubfeet: ankle valgus and anteflexion of the distal tibia. J Pediatr Orthop. 36(4):343-8, 2016
- Laor T: Evaluation of Pediatric Foot Radiographs. https://www.pedrad.org/Portals/5/Events/2012/Laor-Foot.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed Jan 2022
- Alvarez CM et al: The use of botulinum type A toxin in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: 5-year follow-up. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(6):570-5, 2009
- Canavese F et al: Orthopaedic manifestations of congenital myotonic dystrophy during childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(2):208-13, 2009
- Cummings RJ: The effectiveness of botulinum A toxin as an adjunct to the treatment of clubfeet by the Ponseti method: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(6):564-9, 2009
- Janicki JA et al: Treatment of neuromuscular and syndrome-associated (nonidiopathic) clubfeet using the Ponseti method. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(4):393-7, 2009
- Nabeshima Y et al: Ankle valgus and subtalar varus in treated clubfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 48(6):615-9, 2009
- Park SS et al: Selective soft-tissue release for recurrent or residual deformity after conservative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(11):1526-30, 2009
- Parker SE et al: Multistate study of the epidemiology of clubfoot. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 85(11):897-904, 2009
- Patel CV: The foot and ankle: MR imaging of uniquely pediatric disorders. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 17(3):539-47, vii, 2009
- Steinman S et al: A comparison of two nonoperative methods of idiopathic clubfoot correction: the Ponseti method and the French functional (physiotherapy) method. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 91 Suppl 2:299-312, 2009
- Wallander H et al: Patient-reported outcome at 62 to 67 years of age in 83 patients treated for congenital clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009 Oct;91(10):1316-21. Erratum in: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(12):1641, 2009
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Talipes equinovarus
Definitions
- Congenital fixed foot deformity consisting of
- Hindfoot equinus (plantarflexion of calcaneus relative to tibia)
- Inversion of calcaneus relative to talus (hindfoot varus)
- Adduction and supination of metatarsals (forefoot varus)
- Congenital fixed foot deformity consisting of
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Winfeld MJ et al: Management of pediatric foot deformities: an imaging review. Pediatr Radiol. 49(12):1678-90, 2019
- Shaheen S et al: Arterial tree anomalies in patients with clubfoot: an investigation carried out at Soba University Hospital. J Pediatr Orthop B. 27(1):67-72, 2018
- Atanda AA et al: Prognostic value of the radiologic appearance of the navicular ossification center in congenital talipes equinovarus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 54(5):844-7, 2015
- Burghardt RD et al: Growth disturbance of the distal tibia in patients with idiopathic clubfeet: ankle valgus and anteflexion of the distal tibia. J Pediatr Orthop. 36(4):343-8, 2016
- Laor T: Evaluation of Pediatric Foot Radiographs. https://www.pedrad.org/Portals/5/Events/2012/Laor-Foot.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed Jan 2022
- Alvarez CM et al: The use of botulinum type A toxin in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: 5-year follow-up. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(6):570-5, 2009
- Canavese F et al: Orthopaedic manifestations of congenital myotonic dystrophy during childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(2):208-13, 2009
- Cummings RJ: The effectiveness of botulinum A toxin as an adjunct to the treatment of clubfeet by the Ponseti method: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(6):564-9, 2009
- Janicki JA et al: Treatment of neuromuscular and syndrome-associated (nonidiopathic) clubfeet using the Ponseti method. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(4):393-7, 2009
- Nabeshima Y et al: Ankle valgus and subtalar varus in treated clubfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 48(6):615-9, 2009
- Park SS et al: Selective soft-tissue release for recurrent or residual deformity after conservative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(11):1526-30, 2009
- Parker SE et al: Multistate study of the epidemiology of clubfoot. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 85(11):897-904, 2009
- Patel CV: The foot and ankle: MR imaging of uniquely pediatric disorders. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 17(3):539-47, vii, 2009
- Steinman S et al: A comparison of two nonoperative methods of idiopathic clubfoot correction: the Ponseti method and the French functional (physiotherapy) method. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 91 Suppl 2:299-312, 2009
- Wallander H et al: Patient-reported outcome at 62 to 67 years of age in 83 patients treated for congenital clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009 Oct;91(10):1316-21. Erratum in: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(12):1641, 2009
