Hindfoot equinus (plantarflexion of calcaneus relative to tibia)
Inversion of calcaneus relative to talus (hindfoot varus)
Adduction and supination of metatarsals (forefoot varus)
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Winfeld MJ et al: Management of pediatric foot deformities: an imaging review. Pediatr Radiol. 49(12):1678-90, 2019
Shaheen S et al: Arterial tree anomalies in patients with clubfoot: an investigation carried out at Soba University Hospital. J Pediatr Orthop B. 27(1):67-72, 2018
Atanda AA et al: Prognostic value of the radiologic appearance of the navicular ossification center in congenital talipes equinovarus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 54(5):844-7, 2015
Burghardt RD et al: Growth disturbance of the distal tibia in patients with idiopathic clubfeet: ankle valgus and anteflexion of the distal tibia. J Pediatr Orthop. 36(4):343-8, 2016
Laor T: Evaluation of Pediatric Foot Radiographs. https://www.pedrad.org/Portals/5/Events/2012/Laor-Foot.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed Jan 2022
Alvarez CM et al: The use of botulinum type A toxin in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: 5-year follow-up. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(6):570-5, 2009
Canavese F et al: Orthopaedic manifestations of congenital myotonic dystrophy during childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(2):208-13, 2009
Cummings RJ: The effectiveness of botulinum A toxin as an adjunct to the treatment of clubfeet by the Ponseti method: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(6):564-9, 2009
Janicki JA et al: Treatment of neuromuscular and syndrome-associated (nonidiopathic) clubfeet using the Ponseti method. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(4):393-7, 2009
Nabeshima Y et al: Ankle valgus and subtalar varus in treated clubfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 48(6):615-9, 2009
Park SS et al: Selective soft-tissue release for recurrent or residual deformity after conservative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(11):1526-30, 2009
Parker SE et al: Multistate study of the epidemiology of clubfoot. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 85(11):897-904, 2009
Patel CV: The foot and ankle: MR imaging of uniquely pediatric disorders. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 17(3):539-47, vii, 2009
Steinman S et al: A comparison of two nonoperative methods of idiopathic clubfoot correction: the Ponseti method and the French functional (physiotherapy) method. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 91 Suppl 2:299-312, 2009
Wallander H et al: Patient-reported outcome at 62 to 67 years of age in 83 patients treated for congenital clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009 Oct;91(10):1316-21. Erratum in: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(12):1641, 2009
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Talipes equinovarus
Definitions
Congenital fixed foot deformity consisting of
Hindfoot equinus (plantarflexion of calcaneus relative to tibia)
Inversion of calcaneus relative to talus (hindfoot varus)
Adduction and supination of metatarsals (forefoot varus)
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Winfeld MJ et al: Management of pediatric foot deformities: an imaging review. Pediatr Radiol. 49(12):1678-90, 2019
Shaheen S et al: Arterial tree anomalies in patients with clubfoot: an investigation carried out at Soba University Hospital. J Pediatr Orthop B. 27(1):67-72, 2018
Atanda AA et al: Prognostic value of the radiologic appearance of the navicular ossification center in congenital talipes equinovarus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 54(5):844-7, 2015
Burghardt RD et al: Growth disturbance of the distal tibia in patients with idiopathic clubfeet: ankle valgus and anteflexion of the distal tibia. J Pediatr Orthop. 36(4):343-8, 2016
Laor T: Evaluation of Pediatric Foot Radiographs. https://www.pedrad.org/Portals/5/Events/2012/Laor-Foot.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed Jan 2022
Alvarez CM et al: The use of botulinum type A toxin in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot: 5-year follow-up. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(6):570-5, 2009
Canavese F et al: Orthopaedic manifestations of congenital myotonic dystrophy during childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(2):208-13, 2009
Cummings RJ: The effectiveness of botulinum A toxin as an adjunct to the treatment of clubfeet by the Ponseti method: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(6):564-9, 2009
Janicki JA et al: Treatment of neuromuscular and syndrome-associated (nonidiopathic) clubfeet using the Ponseti method. J Pediatr Orthop. 29(4):393-7, 2009
Nabeshima Y et al: Ankle valgus and subtalar varus in treated clubfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 48(6):615-9, 2009
Park SS et al: Selective soft-tissue release for recurrent or residual deformity after conservative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(11):1526-30, 2009
Parker SE et al: Multistate study of the epidemiology of clubfoot. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 85(11):897-904, 2009
Patel CV: The foot and ankle: MR imaging of uniquely pediatric disorders. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 17(3):539-47, vii, 2009
Steinman S et al: A comparison of two nonoperative methods of idiopathic clubfoot correction: the Ponseti method and the French functional (physiotherapy) method. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 91 Suppl 2:299-312, 2009
Wallander H et al: Patient-reported outcome at 62 to 67 years of age in 83 patients treated for congenital clubfoot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009 Oct;91(10):1316-21. Erratum in: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 91(12):1641, 2009
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