Chronic disorder presenting with pain to nonpainful stimuli (allodynia)
Etiology is not well understood
Subtypes
CRPS type 1: no detectable nerve lesion
CRPS type 2: detectable nerve lesion with resultant pain along distribution of nerve
Clinical diagnosis is based on Budapest criteria
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Taylor SS et al: Complex regional pain syndrome: a comprehensive review. Pain Ther. 10(2):875-92, 2021
Agten CA et al: MRI of complex regional pain syndrome in the foot. Eur J Radiol. 129:109044, 2020
Howard BA et al: Utility of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in complex regional pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 22(1):7, 2018
Birklein F et al: Complex regional pain syndrome-significant progress in understanding. Pain. 156 Suppl 1:S94-103, 2015
Dirckx M et al: The prevalence of autoantibodies in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Mediators Inflamm. 2015:718201, 2015
Lee DH et al: Brain alterations and neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. J Pain. 16(6):580-6, 2015
Bove GM: Focal nerve inflammation induces neuronal signs consistent with symptoms of early complex regional pain syndromes. Exp Neurol. 219(1):223-7, 2009
Nishida Y et al: Skeletal muscle MRI in complex regional pain syndrome. Intern Med. 48(4):209-12, 2009
Oaklander AL et al: Is reflex sympathetic dystrophy/complex regional pain syndrome type I a small-fiber neuropathy? Ann Neurol. 65(6):629-38, 2009
Schwartzman RJ et al: The natural history of complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain. 25(4):273-80, 2009
Schwenkreis P et al: Functional imaging of central nervous system involvement in complex regional pain syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(7):1279-84, 2009
Swart CM et al: Cortical changes in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Eur J Pain. 13(9):902-7, 2009
Tan EC et al: Quality of life in adults with childhood-onset of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Injury. 40(8):901-4, 2009
Geha PY et al: The brain in chronic CRPS pain: abnormal gray-white matter interactions in emotional and autonomic regions. Neuron. 60(4):570-81, 2008
Lebel A et al: fMRI reveals distinct CNS processing during symptomatic and recovered complex regional pain syndrome in children. Brain. 131(Pt 7):1854-79, 2008
Park SG et al: Quantitative evaluation of very acute stage of complex regional pain syndrome after stroke using three-phase bone scintigraphy. Nucl Med Commun. 28(10):766-70, 2007
Schürmann M et al: Imaging in early posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome: a comparison of diagnostic methods. Clin J Pain. 23(5):449-57, 2007
Pankaj A et al: Diagnosis of post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome of the hand: current role of sympathetic skin response and three-phase bone scintigraphy. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 14(3):284-90, 2006
Intenzo CM et al: The role of nuclear medicine in the evaluation of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Clin Nucl Med. 30(6):400-7, 2005
Chronic disorder presenting with pain to nonpainful stimuli (allodynia)
Etiology is not well understood
Subtypes
CRPS type 1: no detectable nerve lesion
CRPS type 2: detectable nerve lesion with resultant pain along distribution of nerve
Clinical diagnosis is based on Budapest criteria
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Taylor SS et al: Complex regional pain syndrome: a comprehensive review. Pain Ther. 10(2):875-92, 2021
Agten CA et al: MRI of complex regional pain syndrome in the foot. Eur J Radiol. 129:109044, 2020
Howard BA et al: Utility of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in complex regional pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 22(1):7, 2018
Birklein F et al: Complex regional pain syndrome-significant progress in understanding. Pain. 156 Suppl 1:S94-103, 2015
Dirckx M et al: The prevalence of autoantibodies in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Mediators Inflamm. 2015:718201, 2015
Lee DH et al: Brain alterations and neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. J Pain. 16(6):580-6, 2015
Bove GM: Focal nerve inflammation induces neuronal signs consistent with symptoms of early complex regional pain syndromes. Exp Neurol. 219(1):223-7, 2009
Nishida Y et al: Skeletal muscle MRI in complex regional pain syndrome. Intern Med. 48(4):209-12, 2009
Oaklander AL et al: Is reflex sympathetic dystrophy/complex regional pain syndrome type I a small-fiber neuropathy? Ann Neurol. 65(6):629-38, 2009
Schwartzman RJ et al: The natural history of complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain. 25(4):273-80, 2009
Schwenkreis P et al: Functional imaging of central nervous system involvement in complex regional pain syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(7):1279-84, 2009
Swart CM et al: Cortical changes in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Eur J Pain. 13(9):902-7, 2009
Tan EC et al: Quality of life in adults with childhood-onset of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Injury. 40(8):901-4, 2009
Geha PY et al: The brain in chronic CRPS pain: abnormal gray-white matter interactions in emotional and autonomic regions. Neuron. 60(4):570-81, 2008
Lebel A et al: fMRI reveals distinct CNS processing during symptomatic and recovered complex regional pain syndrome in children. Brain. 131(Pt 7):1854-79, 2008
Park SG et al: Quantitative evaluation of very acute stage of complex regional pain syndrome after stroke using three-phase bone scintigraphy. Nucl Med Commun. 28(10):766-70, 2007
Schürmann M et al: Imaging in early posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome: a comparison of diagnostic methods. Clin J Pain. 23(5):449-57, 2007
Pankaj A et al: Diagnosis of post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome of the hand: current role of sympathetic skin response and three-phase bone scintigraphy. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 14(3):284-90, 2006
Intenzo CM et al: The role of nuclear medicine in the evaluation of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Clin Nucl Med. 30(6):400-7, 2005
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.