Uncommon, unintended side effects from radiation therapy (XRT) seen in small proportion of patients
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CT Findings
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FDG PET Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
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DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
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Selected References
Acharya S et al: Risk assessment for osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in patients with head and neck cancer. Med Pharm Rep. 93(2):195-9, 2020
Leonetti JP et al: Osteoradionecrosis of the skull base. J Neurooncol. 150(3):477-82, 2020
Rigamonti A et al: Bilateral radiation-induced hypoglossal nerve palsy responsive to steroid treatment. J Clin Neurol. 14(2):244-5, 2018
Ahmad S et al: Incidence of intracranial radiation necrosis following postoperative radiation therapy for sinonasal malignancies. Laryngoscope. ePub, 2016
Tian YM et al: Long-term survival and late complications in intensity-modulated radiotherapy of locally recurrent T1 to T2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck. 38(2):225-31, 2016
Nadella KR et al: Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws: Clinico-Therapeutic Management: A Literature Review and Update. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 14(4):891-901, 2015
Phillips DJ et al: Radiation-Induced Necrosis of the Temporal Bone: Diagnosis and Management. Otol Neurotol. 36(8):1374-7, 2015
Varoquaux A et al: Diffusion-weighted and PET/MR Imaging after Radiation Therapy for Malignant Head and Neck Tumors. Radiographics. 35(5):1502-27, 2015
Rotteveel LJ et al: Incus necrosis after irradiation. Otol Neurotol. 34(9):1699-702, 2013
Saito N et al: Posttreatment CT and MR imaging in head and neck cancer: what the radiologist needs to know. Radiographics. 32(5):1261-82; discussion 1282-4, 2012
Shah R et al: Radiation necrosis in the brain: imaging features and differentiation from tumor recurrence. Radiographics. 32(5):1343-59, 2012
Horky LL et al: Dual phase FDG-PET imaging of brain metastases provides superior assessment of recurrence versus post-treatment necrosis. J Neurooncol. 103(1):137-46, 2011
Glastonbury CM et al: The postradiation neck: evaluating response to treatment and recognizing complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195(2):W164-71, 2010
Madrid C et al: Osteoradionecrosis: an update. Oral Oncol. 46(6):471-4, 2010
Dirix P et al: Dysphagia after chemoradiotherapy for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma: dose-effect relationships for the swallowing structures. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 75(2):385-92, 2009
Lang K et al: Incidence and costs of treatment-related complications among patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 135(6):582-8, 2009
Murphy BA et al: Mucositis-related morbidity and resource utilization in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. J Pain Symptom Manage. 38(4):522-32, 2009
Paraskevas KI et al: Irradiation-induced carotid artery stenosis: a preventable complication of neck radiotherapy? Angiology. 60(3):273-5, 2009
Toda K et al: Radiation-induced cancer after radiotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck: a retrospective study. Radiat Oncol. 4:21, 2009
Truong MT et al: Emerging applications of stereotactic radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Neurosurg Focus. 27(6):E11, 2009
Yoo JS et al: Osteoradionecrosis of the Hyoid Bone: Imaging Findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Epub ahead of print, 2009
Corvò R: Evidence-based radiation oncology in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 85(1):156-70, 2007
Amemiya K et al: The risk of radiation-induced cancer in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and its results of treatment. Br J Radiol. 78(935):1028-33, 2005
Zackrisson B et al: A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in head and neck cancer. Acta Oncol. 42(5-6):443-61, 2003
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Uncommon, unintended side effects from radiation therapy (XRT) seen in small proportion of patients
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
FDG PET Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Acharya S et al: Risk assessment for osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in patients with head and neck cancer. Med Pharm Rep. 93(2):195-9, 2020
Leonetti JP et al: Osteoradionecrosis of the skull base. J Neurooncol. 150(3):477-82, 2020
Rigamonti A et al: Bilateral radiation-induced hypoglossal nerve palsy responsive to steroid treatment. J Clin Neurol. 14(2):244-5, 2018
Ahmad S et al: Incidence of intracranial radiation necrosis following postoperative radiation therapy for sinonasal malignancies. Laryngoscope. ePub, 2016
Tian YM et al: Long-term survival and late complications in intensity-modulated radiotherapy of locally recurrent T1 to T2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck. 38(2):225-31, 2016
Nadella KR et al: Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws: Clinico-Therapeutic Management: A Literature Review and Update. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 14(4):891-901, 2015
Phillips DJ et al: Radiation-Induced Necrosis of the Temporal Bone: Diagnosis and Management. Otol Neurotol. 36(8):1374-7, 2015
Varoquaux A et al: Diffusion-weighted and PET/MR Imaging after Radiation Therapy for Malignant Head and Neck Tumors. Radiographics. 35(5):1502-27, 2015
Rotteveel LJ et al: Incus necrosis after irradiation. Otol Neurotol. 34(9):1699-702, 2013
Saito N et al: Posttreatment CT and MR imaging in head and neck cancer: what the radiologist needs to know. Radiographics. 32(5):1261-82; discussion 1282-4, 2012
Shah R et al: Radiation necrosis in the brain: imaging features and differentiation from tumor recurrence. Radiographics. 32(5):1343-59, 2012
Horky LL et al: Dual phase FDG-PET imaging of brain metastases provides superior assessment of recurrence versus post-treatment necrosis. J Neurooncol. 103(1):137-46, 2011
Glastonbury CM et al: The postradiation neck: evaluating response to treatment and recognizing complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195(2):W164-71, 2010
Madrid C et al: Osteoradionecrosis: an update. Oral Oncol. 46(6):471-4, 2010
Dirix P et al: Dysphagia after chemoradiotherapy for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma: dose-effect relationships for the swallowing structures. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 75(2):385-92, 2009
Lang K et al: Incidence and costs of treatment-related complications among patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 135(6):582-8, 2009
Murphy BA et al: Mucositis-related morbidity and resource utilization in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. J Pain Symptom Manage. 38(4):522-32, 2009
Paraskevas KI et al: Irradiation-induced carotid artery stenosis: a preventable complication of neck radiotherapy? Angiology. 60(3):273-5, 2009
Toda K et al: Radiation-induced cancer after radiotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck: a retrospective study. Radiat Oncol. 4:21, 2009
Truong MT et al: Emerging applications of stereotactic radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Neurosurg Focus. 27(6):E11, 2009
Yoo JS et al: Osteoradionecrosis of the Hyoid Bone: Imaging Findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Epub ahead of print, 2009
Corvò R: Evidence-based radiation oncology in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 85(1):156-70, 2007
Amemiya K et al: The risk of radiation-induced cancer in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and its results of treatment. Br J Radiol. 78(935):1028-33, 2005
Zackrisson B et al: A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in head and neck cancer. Acta Oncol. 42(5-6):443-61, 2003
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