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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- CHAOS = congenital high airway obstruction sequence
Definitions
- Rare, highly morbid congenital anomaly of airway with complete, intrinsic laryngeal &/or tracheal obstruction, leading to
- Dysfunctional, hyperexpanded lungs & everted hemidiaphragms
- Cardiac & venous compression resulting in ascites or full hydrops
- Rare, highly morbid congenital anomaly of airway with complete, intrinsic laryngeal &/or tracheal obstruction, leading to
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Arthurs OJ et al: Postmortem magnetic resonance appearances of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 45(4):556-61, 2015
- Zamora IJ et al: Mainstem bronchial atresia: a lethal anomaly amenable to fetal surgical treatment. J Pediatr Surg. 49(5):706-11, 2014
- Artunc Ulkumen B et al: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: report of two cases and brief review of the literature. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2013:728974, 2013
- MartÃnez JM et al: Evaluation of fetal vocal cords to select candidates for successful fetoscopic treatment of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: preliminary case series. Fetal Diagn Ther. 34(2):77-84, 2013
- Furukawa R et al: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome without tracheoesophageal fistula and with in utero decrease in relative lung size. Pediatr Radiol. 42(12):1510-3, 2012
- Saadai P et al: Long-term outcomes after fetal therapy for congenital high airway obstructive syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 47(6):1095-100, 2012
- Sanford E et al: Congenital high airway obstruction sequence (CHAOS): a new case and a review of phenotypic features. Am J Med Genet A. 158A(12):3126-36, 2012
- Courtier J et al: Fetal tracheolaryngeal airway obstruction: prenatal evaluation by sonography and MRI. Pediatr Radiol. Epub ahead of print, 2010
- Guimaraes CV et al: Prenatal MRI findings of fetuses with congenital high airway obstruction sequence. Korean J Radiol. 10(2):129-34, 2009
- Mong A et al: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: MR/US findings, effect on management, and outcome. Pediatr Radiol. 38(11):1171-9, 2008
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- CHAOS = congenital high airway obstruction sequence
Definitions
- Rare, highly morbid congenital anomaly of airway with complete, intrinsic laryngeal &/or tracheal obstruction, leading to
- Dysfunctional, hyperexpanded lungs & everted hemidiaphragms
- Cardiac & venous compression resulting in ascites or full hydrops
- Rare, highly morbid congenital anomaly of airway with complete, intrinsic laryngeal &/or tracheal obstruction, leading to
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Arthurs OJ et al: Postmortem magnetic resonance appearances of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 45(4):556-61, 2015
- Zamora IJ et al: Mainstem bronchial atresia: a lethal anomaly amenable to fetal surgical treatment. J Pediatr Surg. 49(5):706-11, 2014
- Artunc Ulkumen B et al: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: report of two cases and brief review of the literature. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2013:728974, 2013
- MartÃnez JM et al: Evaluation of fetal vocal cords to select candidates for successful fetoscopic treatment of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: preliminary case series. Fetal Diagn Ther. 34(2):77-84, 2013
- Furukawa R et al: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome without tracheoesophageal fistula and with in utero decrease in relative lung size. Pediatr Radiol. 42(12):1510-3, 2012
- Saadai P et al: Long-term outcomes after fetal therapy for congenital high airway obstructive syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 47(6):1095-100, 2012
- Sanford E et al: Congenital high airway obstruction sequence (CHAOS): a new case and a review of phenotypic features. Am J Med Genet A. 158A(12):3126-36, 2012
- Courtier J et al: Fetal tracheolaryngeal airway obstruction: prenatal evaluation by sonography and MRI. Pediatr Radiol. Epub ahead of print, 2010
- Guimaraes CV et al: Prenatal MRI findings of fetuses with congenital high airway obstruction sequence. Korean J Radiol. 10(2):129-34, 2009
- Mong A et al: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: MR/US findings, effect on management, and outcome. Pediatr Radiol. 38(11):1171-9, 2008
