Congenital High Airway Obstruction Sequence (CHAOS)
Paula J. Woodward, MD
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Congenital high airway obstruction sequence (CHAOS)
Definitions
High airway obstruction (tracheal or laryngeal) caused by atresia, stenosis, or web
Term can be used more generically to describe lung findings secondary to any sort of obstructing mass, such as neck teratoma
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Aslan H et al: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS). Five case report. Med Ultrason. 17(1):115-8, 2015
Elliott R et al: Ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure for management of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome in a vertex/breech twin gestation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 77(3):439-42, 2013
MartÃnez JM et al: Evaluation of fetal vocal cords to select candidates for successful fetoscopic treatment of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: preliminary case series. Fetal Diagn Ther. 34(2):77-84, 2013
Mesens T et al: Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) as part of Fraser syndrome: ultrasound and autopsy findings. Genet Couns. 24(4):367-71, 2013
Saadai P et al: Long-term outcomes after fetal therapy for congenital high airway obstructive syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 47(6):1095-100, 2012
Guimaraes CV et al: Prenatal MRI findings of fetuses with congenital high airway obstruction sequence. Korean J Radiol. 10(2):129-34, 2009
Kuwashima S et al: MR imaging appearance of laryngeal atresia (congenital high airway obstruction syndrome): unique course in a fetus. Pediatr Radiol. 38(3):344-7, 2008
Mong A et al: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: MR/US findings, effect on management, and outcome. Pediatr Radiol. 38(11):1171-9, 2008
Vanhaesebrouck P et al: Evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance in prenatally diagnosed CHAOS. Eur J Pediatr. 165(10):706-8, 2006
Zhang P et al: Fetal laryngeal stenosis/atresia and congenital high airway obstructive syndrome (CHAOS): a case report. J Perinatol. 25(6):426-8, 2005
Lim FY et al: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: natural history and management. J Pediatr Surg. 38(6):940-5, 2003
Scott JN et al: Tracheal atresia: ultrasonographic and pathologic correlation. J Ultrasound Med. 18(5):375-7, 1999
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Congenital high airway obstruction sequence (CHAOS)
Definitions
High airway obstruction (tracheal or laryngeal) caused by atresia, stenosis, or web
Term can be used more generically to describe lung findings secondary to any sort of obstructing mass, such as neck teratoma
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Aslan H et al: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS). Five case report. Med Ultrason. 17(1):115-8, 2015
Elliott R et al: Ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure for management of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome in a vertex/breech twin gestation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 77(3):439-42, 2013
MartÃnez JM et al: Evaluation of fetal vocal cords to select candidates for successful fetoscopic treatment of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: preliminary case series. Fetal Diagn Ther. 34(2):77-84, 2013
Mesens T et al: Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) as part of Fraser syndrome: ultrasound and autopsy findings. Genet Couns. 24(4):367-71, 2013
Saadai P et al: Long-term outcomes after fetal therapy for congenital high airway obstructive syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 47(6):1095-100, 2012
Guimaraes CV et al: Prenatal MRI findings of fetuses with congenital high airway obstruction sequence. Korean J Radiol. 10(2):129-34, 2009
Kuwashima S et al: MR imaging appearance of laryngeal atresia (congenital high airway obstruction syndrome): unique course in a fetus. Pediatr Radiol. 38(3):344-7, 2008
Mong A et al: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: MR/US findings, effect on management, and outcome. Pediatr Radiol. 38(11):1171-9, 2008
Vanhaesebrouck P et al: Evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance in prenatally diagnosed CHAOS. Eur J Pediatr. 165(10):706-8, 2006
Zhang P et al: Fetal laryngeal stenosis/atresia and congenital high airway obstructive syndrome (CHAOS): a case report. J Perinatol. 25(6):426-8, 2005
Lim FY et al: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: natural history and management. J Pediatr Surg. 38(6):940-5, 2003
Scott JN et al: Tracheal atresia: ultrasonographic and pathologic correlation. J Ultrasound Med. 18(5):375-7, 1999
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