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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Spinal curvature secondary to vertebral anomalies
- Klippel-Feil syndrome: Multiple cervical segmentation anomalies
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Canaz H et al: Surgical treatment of patients with myelomeningocele-related spine deformities: study of 26 cases. Childs Nerv Syst. 34(7):1367-74, 2018
- Lonstein JE: Long-term outcome of early fusions for congenital scoliosis. Spine Deform. 6(5):552-9, 2018
- Mackel CE et al: A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and management of congenital scoliosis. Childs Nerv Syst. 34(11):2155-71, 2018
- Pijpker PAJ et al: Three-dimensional planning and use of individualized osteotomy guiding templates for surgical correction of kyphoscoliosis: a technical case report. World Neurosurg. 119:113-7, 2018
- Soliman HAG: Health-related quality of life of adolescents with severe untreated congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis in a developing country. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 43(16):E942-8, 2018
- Al Kaissi A et al: Distinctive spine abnormalities in patients with Goldenhar syndrome: tomographic assessment. Eur Spine J. 24(3):594-9, 2015
- Giampietro PF et al: Clinical, genetic and environmental factors associated with congenital vertebral malformations. Mol Syndromol. 4(1-2):94-105, 2013
- McMaster MJ et al: Prognosis for congenital scoliosis due to a unilateral failure of vertebral segmentation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 95(11):972-9, 2013
- Shen J et al: Abnormalities associated with congenital scoliosis: a retrospective study of 226 Chinese surgical cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(10):814-8, 2013
- Thawait GK et al: Spine segmentation and enumeration and normal variants. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(4):587-98, 2012
- Chan G et al: Update on congenital spinal deformities: preoperative evaluation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(17):1766-74, 2009
- Arlet V et al: Congenital scoliosis. Eur Spine J. 12(5):456-63, 2003
- Campbell RM Jr et al: Growth of the thoracic spine in congenital scoliosis after expansion thoracoplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 85-A(3):409-20, 2003
- Hedequist DJ et al: The correlation of preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions with operative findings in congenital scoliosis. Spine. 28(22):2531-4; discussion 1, 2003
- Kim YJ et al: Surgical treatment of congenital kyphosis. Spine. 26(20):2251-7, 2001
- Redla S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of scoliosis. Clin Radiol. 56(5):360-71, 2001
- Jaskwhich D et al: Congenital scoliosis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 12(1):61-6, 2000
- Lonstein JE: Congenital spine deformities: scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 30(3):387-405, viii, 1999
- Oestreich AE et al: Scoliosis circa 2000: radiologic imaging perspective. I. Diagnosis and pretreatment evaluation. Skeletal Radiol. 27(11):591-605, 1998
- Oestreich AE et al: Scoliosis circa 2000: radiologic imaging perspective. II. Treatment and follow-up. Skeletal Radiol. 27(12):651-6, 1998
- Rittler M et al: VACTERL association, epidemiologic definition and delineation. Am J Med Genet. 63(4):529-36, 1996
- Evans JA et al: VACTERL with hydrocephalus: further delineation of the syndrome(s) Am J Med Genet. 34(2):177-82, 1989
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Spinal curvature secondary to vertebral anomalies
- Klippel-Feil syndrome: Multiple cervical segmentation anomalies
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Canaz H et al: Surgical treatment of patients with myelomeningocele-related spine deformities: study of 26 cases. Childs Nerv Syst. 34(7):1367-74, 2018
- Lonstein JE: Long-term outcome of early fusions for congenital scoliosis. Spine Deform. 6(5):552-9, 2018
- Mackel CE et al: A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and management of congenital scoliosis. Childs Nerv Syst. 34(11):2155-71, 2018
- Pijpker PAJ et al: Three-dimensional planning and use of individualized osteotomy guiding templates for surgical correction of kyphoscoliosis: a technical case report. World Neurosurg. 119:113-7, 2018
- Soliman HAG: Health-related quality of life of adolescents with severe untreated congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis in a developing country. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 43(16):E942-8, 2018
- Al Kaissi A et al: Distinctive spine abnormalities in patients with Goldenhar syndrome: tomographic assessment. Eur Spine J. 24(3):594-9, 2015
- Giampietro PF et al: Clinical, genetic and environmental factors associated with congenital vertebral malformations. Mol Syndromol. 4(1-2):94-105, 2013
- McMaster MJ et al: Prognosis for congenital scoliosis due to a unilateral failure of vertebral segmentation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 95(11):972-9, 2013
- Shen J et al: Abnormalities associated with congenital scoliosis: a retrospective study of 226 Chinese surgical cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(10):814-8, 2013
- Thawait GK et al: Spine segmentation and enumeration and normal variants. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(4):587-98, 2012
- Chan G et al: Update on congenital spinal deformities: preoperative evaluation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(17):1766-74, 2009
- Arlet V et al: Congenital scoliosis. Eur Spine J. 12(5):456-63, 2003
- Campbell RM Jr et al: Growth of the thoracic spine in congenital scoliosis after expansion thoracoplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 85-A(3):409-20, 2003
- Hedequist DJ et al: The correlation of preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions with operative findings in congenital scoliosis. Spine. 28(22):2531-4; discussion 1, 2003
- Kim YJ et al: Surgical treatment of congenital kyphosis. Spine. 26(20):2251-7, 2001
- Redla S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of scoliosis. Clin Radiol. 56(5):360-71, 2001
- Jaskwhich D et al: Congenital scoliosis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 12(1):61-6, 2000
- Lonstein JE: Congenital spine deformities: scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 30(3):387-405, viii, 1999
- Oestreich AE et al: Scoliosis circa 2000: radiologic imaging perspective. I. Diagnosis and pretreatment evaluation. Skeletal Radiol. 27(11):591-605, 1998
- Oestreich AE et al: Scoliosis circa 2000: radiologic imaging perspective. II. Treatment and follow-up. Skeletal Radiol. 27(12):651-6, 1998
- Rittler M et al: VACTERL association, epidemiologic definition and delineation. Am J Med Genet. 63(4):529-36, 1996
- Evans JA et al: VACTERL with hydrocephalus: further delineation of the syndrome(s) Am J Med Genet. 34(2):177-82, 1989
