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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS)
Synonyms
- Short pedicle syndrome, congenital short pedicles, developmental spinal stenosis
Definitions
- Reduced AP canal diameter secondary to short, squat pedicles and laterally directed laminae
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Tee J et al: Consideration of foraminal stenosis in decompression alone versus decompression plus fusion for claudication secondary to lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine J. ePub, 2020
- Ko S et al: Comparison of bilateral decompression via unilateral laminotomy and conventional laminectomy for single-level degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis regarding low back pain, functional outcome, and quality of life - a randomized controlled, prospective trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 14(1):252, 2019
- Ko S et al: Comparison of inter- and intra-observer reliability among the three classification systems for cervical spinal canal stenosis. Eur Spine J. 26(9):2290-6, 2017
- Schroeder GD et al: Lumbar spinal stenosis: how is it classified? J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 24(12):843-52, 2016
- Cheung JP et al: Defining clinically relevant values for developmental spinal stenosis: a large-scale magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(13):1067-76, 2014
- Kreiner DS et al: An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (update). Spine J. 13(7):734-43, 2013
- Kanno H et al: Dynamic change of dural sac cross-sectional area in axial loaded magnetic resonance imaging correlates with the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 37(3):207-13, 2012
- Kovacs FM et al: Surgery versus conservative treatment for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(20):E1335-51, 2011
- Schizas C et al: Qualitative grading of severity of lumbar spinal stenosis based on the morphology of the dural sac on magnetic resonance images. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(21):1919-24, 2010
- Weinstein JN et al: Surgical versus nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis four-year results of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(14):1329-38, 2010
- Weinstein JN et al: Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 358(8):794-810, 2008
- Chad DA: Lumbar spinal stenosis. Neurol Clin. 25(2):407-18, 2007
- Singh K et al: Congenital lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective, control-matched, cohort radiographic analysis. Spine J. 5(6):615-22, 2005
- Brigham CD et al: Permanent partial cervical spinal cord injury in a professional football player who had only congenital stenosis. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 85-A(8):1553-6, 2003
- Allen CR et al: Transient quadriparesis in the athlete. Clin Sports Med. 21(1):15-27, 2002
- Oguz H et al: Measurement of spinal canal diameters in young subjects with lumbosacral transitional vertebra. Eur Spine J. 11(2):115-8, 2002
- Boockvar JA et al: Cervical spinal stenosis and sports-related cervical cord neurapraxia in children. Spine. 26(24):2709-12; discussion 2713, 2001
- Shaffrey CI et al: Modified open-door laminoplasty for treatment of neurological deficits in younger patients with congenital spinal stenosis: analysis of clinical and radiographic data. J Neurosurg. 90(4 Suppl):170-7, 1999
- Bey T et al: Spinal cord injury with a narrow spinal canal: utilizing Torg's ratio method of analyzing cervical spine radiographs. J Emerg Med. 16(1):79-82, 1998
- Yoshida M et al: Indication and clinical results of laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy caused by disc herniation with developmental canal stenosis. Spine. 23(22):2391-7, 1998
- Torg JS et al: Suggested management guidelines for participation in collision activities with congenital, developmental, or postinjury lesions involving the cervical spine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 29(7 Suppl):S256-72, 1997
- Azhar MM et al: Congenital spine deformity, congenital stenosis, diastematomyelia, and tight filum terminale in a workmen's compensation patient: a case report. Spine. 21(6):770-4, 1996
- Ducker TB: Post-traumatic progressive cervical myelopathy in patient with congenital spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord. 9(1):76; discussion 77-81, 1996
- Lemaire JJ et al: [Lumbar canal stenosis. Retrospective study of 158 operated cases] Neurochirurgie. 41(2):89-97, 1995
- Torg JS: Cervical spinal stenosis with cord neurapraxia and transient quadriplegia. Sports Med. 20(6):429-34, 1995
- Major NM et al: Central and foraminal stenosis of the lumbar spine. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 3(3):559-61, 1993
- Smith MG et al: The prevalence of congenital cervical spinal stenosis in 262 college and high school football players. J Ky Med Assoc. 91(7):273-5, 1993
- Moss A G et al: Computed tomography of the body. Vol 2, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. 496-500, 1992
- Scher AT: Spinal cord concussion in rugby players. Am J Sports Med. 19(5):485-8, 1991
- Torg JS: Cervical spinal stenosis with cord neurapraxia and transient quadriplegia. Clin Sports Med. 9(2):279-96, 1990
- Dauser RC et al: Symptomatic congenital spinal stenosis in a child. Neurosurgery. 11(1 Pt 1):61-3, 1982
- Dharker SR et al: Congenital stenosis of the lumbar canal. A study of 60 cases. Neurol India. 26(1):1-6, 1978
- Reale F et al: Congenital stenosis of lumbar spinal canal: comparison of results of surgical treatment for this and other causes of lumbar syndrome. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 42(3-4):199-207, 1978
- Hinck VC et al: Congenital stenosis of the cervical spinal canal. Northwest Med. 67(3):268-74, 1968
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS)
Synonyms
- Short pedicle syndrome, congenital short pedicles, developmental spinal stenosis
Definitions
- Reduced AP canal diameter secondary to short, squat pedicles and laterally directed laminae
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Tee J et al: Consideration of foraminal stenosis in decompression alone versus decompression plus fusion for claudication secondary to lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine J. ePub, 2020
- Ko S et al: Comparison of bilateral decompression via unilateral laminotomy and conventional laminectomy for single-level degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis regarding low back pain, functional outcome, and quality of life - a randomized controlled, prospective trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 14(1):252, 2019
- Ko S et al: Comparison of inter- and intra-observer reliability among the three classification systems for cervical spinal canal stenosis. Eur Spine J. 26(9):2290-6, 2017
- Schroeder GD et al: Lumbar spinal stenosis: how is it classified? J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 24(12):843-52, 2016
- Cheung JP et al: Defining clinically relevant values for developmental spinal stenosis: a large-scale magnetic resonance imaging study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(13):1067-76, 2014
- Kreiner DS et al: An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (update). Spine J. 13(7):734-43, 2013
- Kanno H et al: Dynamic change of dural sac cross-sectional area in axial loaded magnetic resonance imaging correlates with the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 37(3):207-13, 2012
- Kovacs FM et al: Surgery versus conservative treatment for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(20):E1335-51, 2011
- Schizas C et al: Qualitative grading of severity of lumbar spinal stenosis based on the morphology of the dural sac on magnetic resonance images. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(21):1919-24, 2010
- Weinstein JN et al: Surgical versus nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis four-year results of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 35(14):1329-38, 2010
- Weinstein JN et al: Surgical versus nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 358(8):794-810, 2008
- Chad DA: Lumbar spinal stenosis. Neurol Clin. 25(2):407-18, 2007
- Singh K et al: Congenital lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective, control-matched, cohort radiographic analysis. Spine J. 5(6):615-22, 2005
- Brigham CD et al: Permanent partial cervical spinal cord injury in a professional football player who had only congenital stenosis. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 85-A(8):1553-6, 2003
- Allen CR et al: Transient quadriparesis in the athlete. Clin Sports Med. 21(1):15-27, 2002
- Oguz H et al: Measurement of spinal canal diameters in young subjects with lumbosacral transitional vertebra. Eur Spine J. 11(2):115-8, 2002
- Boockvar JA et al: Cervical spinal stenosis and sports-related cervical cord neurapraxia in children. Spine. 26(24):2709-12; discussion 2713, 2001
- Shaffrey CI et al: Modified open-door laminoplasty for treatment of neurological deficits in younger patients with congenital spinal stenosis: analysis of clinical and radiographic data. J Neurosurg. 90(4 Suppl):170-7, 1999
- Bey T et al: Spinal cord injury with a narrow spinal canal: utilizing Torg's ratio method of analyzing cervical spine radiographs. J Emerg Med. 16(1):79-82, 1998
- Yoshida M et al: Indication and clinical results of laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy caused by disc herniation with developmental canal stenosis. Spine. 23(22):2391-7, 1998
- Torg JS et al: Suggested management guidelines for participation in collision activities with congenital, developmental, or postinjury lesions involving the cervical spine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 29(7 Suppl):S256-72, 1997
- Azhar MM et al: Congenital spine deformity, congenital stenosis, diastematomyelia, and tight filum terminale in a workmen's compensation patient: a case report. Spine. 21(6):770-4, 1996
- Ducker TB: Post-traumatic progressive cervical myelopathy in patient with congenital spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord. 9(1):76; discussion 77-81, 1996
- Lemaire JJ et al: [Lumbar canal stenosis. Retrospective study of 158 operated cases] Neurochirurgie. 41(2):89-97, 1995
- Torg JS: Cervical spinal stenosis with cord neurapraxia and transient quadriplegia. Sports Med. 20(6):429-34, 1995
- Major NM et al: Central and foraminal stenosis of the lumbar spine. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 3(3):559-61, 1993
- Smith MG et al: The prevalence of congenital cervical spinal stenosis in 262 college and high school football players. J Ky Med Assoc. 91(7):273-5, 1993
- Moss A G et al: Computed tomography of the body. Vol 2, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. 496-500, 1992
- Scher AT: Spinal cord concussion in rugby players. Am J Sports Med. 19(5):485-8, 1991
- Torg JS: Cervical spinal stenosis with cord neurapraxia and transient quadriplegia. Clin Sports Med. 9(2):279-96, 1990
- Dauser RC et al: Symptomatic congenital spinal stenosis in a child. Neurosurgery. 11(1 Pt 1):61-3, 1982
- Dharker SR et al: Congenital stenosis of the lumbar canal. A study of 60 cases. Neurol India. 26(1):1-6, 1978
- Reale F et al: Congenital stenosis of lumbar spinal canal: comparison of results of surgical treatment for this and other causes of lumbar syndrome. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 42(3-4):199-207, 1978
- Hinck VC et al: Congenital stenosis of the cervical spinal canal. Northwest Med. 67(3):268-74, 1968
