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Spine
Differential Diagnosis
Vertebral Body - Posterior Elements
Anatomically Based Differentials
Congenital Vertebral Anomalies
Congenital Vertebral Anomalies
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD; Julia R. Crim, MD
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

    ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

    • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

      • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

        Selected References

        1. Frikha R: Klippel-Feil syndrome: a review of the literature. Clin Dysmorphol. 29(1):35-7, 2020
        2. Hachem LD et al: Klippel Feil syndrome: clinical phenotypes associated with surgical treatment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 45(11):718-26, 2020
        3. Pahys JM et al: What's new in congenital scoliosis? J Pediatr Orthop. 38(3):e172-9, 2018
        4. Dias M et al: Congenital brain and spinal cord malformations and their associated cutaneous markers. Pediatrics. 136(4):e1105-9, 2015
        5. Lautz TB et al: VACTERL associations in children undergoing surgery for esophageal atresia and anorectal malformations: Implications for pediatric surgeons. J Pediatr Surg. 50(8):1245-50, 2015
        6. Ramadorai U et al: Incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in the asymptomatic pediatric population: a systematic review. Evid Based Spine Care J. 5(2):95-100, 2014
        Related Anatomy
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        References
        Tables

        Tables

        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

          ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

          • Key Differential Diagnosis Issues

            • Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses

              Selected References

              1. Frikha R: Klippel-Feil syndrome: a review of the literature. Clin Dysmorphol. 29(1):35-7, 2020
              2. Hachem LD et al: Klippel Feil syndrome: clinical phenotypes associated with surgical treatment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 45(11):718-26, 2020
              3. Pahys JM et al: What's new in congenital scoliosis? J Pediatr Orthop. 38(3):e172-9, 2018
              4. Dias M et al: Congenital brain and spinal cord malformations and their associated cutaneous markers. Pediatrics. 136(4):e1105-9, 2015
              5. Lautz TB et al: VACTERL associations in children undergoing surgery for esophageal atresia and anorectal malformations: Implications for pediatric surgeons. J Pediatr Surg. 50(8):1245-50, 2015
              6. Ramadorai U et al: Incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in the asymptomatic pediatric population: a systematic review. Evid Based Spine Care J. 5(2):95-100, 2014