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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Bronchiolitis: Inflammatory and fibrotic processes that affect small airways
- Multiple classification schemes
- Clinical features, setting, etiologies
- Histologic and HRCT findings
- Multiple classification schemes
- Bronchiolitis obliterans
- Constrictive bronchiolitis (CB)
- Irreversible peribronchiolar fibrosis with resultant bronchiolar narrowing or obstruction
- Collagen deposition extrinsic to airway lumen
- Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP)
- Previously known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)
- Fibroblastic proliferation mainly involving alveolar ducts and alveolar spaces
- Typically responds to steroids
- Constrictive bronchiolitis (CB)
- Obliterative bronchiolitis: Clinical syndrome of airflow obstruction, may be associated with CT or HRCT findings of small airways disease
- Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome: Unilateral or focal postinfectious CB
- Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS): Clinical syndrome of chronic rejection after lung transplantation
- Bronchiolitis: Inflammatory and fibrotic processes that affect small airways
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Ryu JH et al: Recent advances in the understanding of bronchiolitis in adults. F1000Res. 9, 2020
- Winningham PJ et al: Bronchiolitis: a practical approach for the general radiologist. Radiographics. 37(3):777-94, 2017
- Epler GR: Diagnosis and treatment of constrictive bronchiolitis. F1000 Med Rep. 2, 2010
- Abbott GF et al: Imaging of small airways disease. J Thorac Imaging. 24(4):285-98, 2009
- Lynch DA: Imaging of small airways disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med. 29(1):165-79, vii, 2008
- Cordier JF: Challenges in pulmonary fibrosis. 2: Bronchiolocentric fibrosis. Thorax. 62(7):638-49, 2007
- Visscher DW et al: Bronchiolitis: the pathologist's perspective. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 3(1):41-7, 2006
- Pipavath SJ et al: Radiologic and pathologic features of bronchiolitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(2):354-63, 2005
- van Beek EJ et al: Hyperpolarized 3-helium magnetic resonance imaging to probe lung function. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2(6):528-32, 510, 2005
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Bronchiolitis: Inflammatory and fibrotic processes that affect small airways
- Multiple classification schemes
- Clinical features, setting, etiologies
- Histologic and HRCT findings
- Multiple classification schemes
- Bronchiolitis obliterans
- Constrictive bronchiolitis (CB)
- Irreversible peribronchiolar fibrosis with resultant bronchiolar narrowing or obstruction
- Collagen deposition extrinsic to airway lumen
- Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP)
- Previously known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)
- Fibroblastic proliferation mainly involving alveolar ducts and alveolar spaces
- Typically responds to steroids
- Constrictive bronchiolitis (CB)
- Obliterative bronchiolitis: Clinical syndrome of airflow obstruction, may be associated with CT or HRCT findings of small airways disease
- Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome: Unilateral or focal postinfectious CB
- Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS): Clinical syndrome of chronic rejection after lung transplantation
- Bronchiolitis: Inflammatory and fibrotic processes that affect small airways
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Ryu JH et al: Recent advances in the understanding of bronchiolitis in adults. F1000Res. 9, 2020
- Winningham PJ et al: Bronchiolitis: a practical approach for the general radiologist. Radiographics. 37(3):777-94, 2017
- Epler GR: Diagnosis and treatment of constrictive bronchiolitis. F1000 Med Rep. 2, 2010
- Abbott GF et al: Imaging of small airways disease. J Thorac Imaging. 24(4):285-98, 2009
- Lynch DA: Imaging of small airways disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med. 29(1):165-79, vii, 2008
- Cordier JF: Challenges in pulmonary fibrosis. 2: Bronchiolocentric fibrosis. Thorax. 62(7):638-49, 2007
- Visscher DW et al: Bronchiolitis: the pathologist's perspective. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 3(1):41-7, 2006
- Pipavath SJ et al: Radiologic and pathologic features of bronchiolitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(2):354-63, 2005
- van Beek EJ et al: Hyperpolarized 3-helium magnetic resonance imaging to probe lung function. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2(6):528-32, 510, 2005
