Bernheim A et al: Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection. Radiology. 200463, 2020
Huang C et al: Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 395(10223):497-506, 2020
UpToDate: COVID-19: Epidemiology, virology, and prevention. Reviewed May 27, 2021. Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19
Kanne JP et al: Essentials for radiologists on COVID-19: an update. Radiology scientific expert panel. Radiology. 200527, 2020
Li Q et al: Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 382(13):1199-207, 2020
Mehta P et al: COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 395(10229):1033-1034, 2020
Novel Coronavirus Information Center: Elsevier's free health and medical research on novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Reviewed February 10, 2020. Accessed February 10, 2020. https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center
Paules CI et al: Coronavirus infections--more than just the common cold. JAMA. 323(8):707-8, 2020
Salehi S et al: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review of imaging findings in 919 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 215(1):87-93, 2020
Shi H et al: Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 20(4):425-34, 2020
Tian S et al: Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 15(5):700-4, 2020
Alsaad KO et al: Histopathology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronovirus (MERS-CoV) infection - clinicopathological and ultrastructural study. Histopathology. 72(3):516-24, 2018
Burk M et al: Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 25(140):178-88, 2016
Das KM et al: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: what does a radiologist need to know? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 206(6):1193-201, 2016
Ng DL et al: Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings of a fatal case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the United Arab Emirates, April 2014. Am J Pathol. 186(3):652-8, 2016
Das KM et al: CT correlation with outcomes in 15 patients with acute Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(4):736-42, 2015
Fehr AR et al: Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol. 1282:1-23, 2015
Müller MA et al: Presence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibodies in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide, cross-sectional, serological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 15(5):559-64, 2015
Ajlan AM et al: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: chest CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(4):782-7, 2014
Kell DB et al: Serum ferritin is an important inflammatory disease marker, as it is mainly a leakage product from damaged cells. Metallomics. 6(4):748-73, 2014
Franquet T: Imaging of pulmonary viral pneumonia. Radiology. Jul;260(1):18-39, 2011
Woo PC et al: Clinical features and molecular epidemiology of coronavirus-HKU1-associated community-acquired pneumonia. Hong Kong Med J. 15 Suppl 9:46-7, 2009
Ketai L et al: Radiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): the emerging pathologic-radiologic correlates of an emerging disease. J Thorac Imaging. 21(4):276-83, 2006
Kahn JS et al: History and recent advances in coronavirus discovery. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 24(11 Suppl):S223-7, discussion S226, 2005
Peiris JS et al: Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 361(9366):1319-25, 2003
Wong KT et al: Thin-section CT of severe acute respiratory syndrome: evaluation of 73 patients exposed to or with the disease. Radiology. 228(2):395-400, 2003
Pene F et al: Coronavirus 229E-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis. 37(7):929-32, 2003
Rota PA et al: Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Science. 300(5624):1394-9, 2003
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References
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
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TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Human coronavirus (HCoV)
Definitions
RNA virus initially described in 1960s
Order: Nidovirales
Family: Coronaviridae
Genus: Coronavirus
Respiratory and enteric disease in humans and other animals
Bernheim A et al: Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection. Radiology. 200463, 2020
Huang C et al: Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 395(10223):497-506, 2020
UpToDate: COVID-19: Epidemiology, virology, and prevention. Reviewed May 27, 2021. Accessed May 27, 2021. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19
Kanne JP et al: Essentials for radiologists on COVID-19: an update. Radiology scientific expert panel. Radiology. 200527, 2020
Li Q et al: Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 382(13):1199-207, 2020
Mehta P et al: COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 395(10229):1033-1034, 2020
Novel Coronavirus Information Center: Elsevier's free health and medical research on novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Reviewed February 10, 2020. Accessed February 10, 2020. https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center
Paules CI et al: Coronavirus infections--more than just the common cold. JAMA. 323(8):707-8, 2020
Salehi S et al: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review of imaging findings in 919 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 215(1):87-93, 2020
Shi H et al: Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 20(4):425-34, 2020
Tian S et al: Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 15(5):700-4, 2020
Alsaad KO et al: Histopathology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronovirus (MERS-CoV) infection - clinicopathological and ultrastructural study. Histopathology. 72(3):516-24, 2018
Burk M et al: Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 25(140):178-88, 2016
Das KM et al: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: what does a radiologist need to know? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 206(6):1193-201, 2016
Ng DL et al: Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings of a fatal case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the United Arab Emirates, April 2014. Am J Pathol. 186(3):652-8, 2016
Das KM et al: CT correlation with outcomes in 15 patients with acute Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(4):736-42, 2015
Fehr AR et al: Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Methods Mol Biol. 1282:1-23, 2015
Müller MA et al: Presence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibodies in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide, cross-sectional, serological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 15(5):559-64, 2015
Ajlan AM et al: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: chest CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 203(4):782-7, 2014
Kell DB et al: Serum ferritin is an important inflammatory disease marker, as it is mainly a leakage product from damaged cells. Metallomics. 6(4):748-73, 2014
Franquet T: Imaging of pulmonary viral pneumonia. Radiology. Jul;260(1):18-39, 2011
Woo PC et al: Clinical features and molecular epidemiology of coronavirus-HKU1-associated community-acquired pneumonia. Hong Kong Med J. 15 Suppl 9:46-7, 2009
Ketai L et al: Radiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): the emerging pathologic-radiologic correlates of an emerging disease. J Thorac Imaging. 21(4):276-83, 2006
Kahn JS et al: History and recent advances in coronavirus discovery. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 24(11 Suppl):S223-7, discussion S226, 2005
Peiris JS et al: Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 361(9366):1319-25, 2003
Wong KT et al: Thin-section CT of severe acute respiratory syndrome: evaluation of 73 patients exposed to or with the disease. Radiology. 228(2):395-400, 2003
Pene F et al: Coronavirus 229E-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis. 37(7):929-32, 2003
Rota PA et al: Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Science. 300(5624):1394-9, 2003
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