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CPA-IAC Neurosarcoid
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MDH. Ric Harnsberger, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Definitions

              • Systemic disorder with noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas of multiple organ systems

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Radiographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                      • Imaging Recommendations

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                              • Microscopic Features

                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                • Presentation

                                  • Demographics

                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                      • Treatment

                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                        • Consider

                                          • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Fritz D et al: Whole-body 18F-FDG PET-CT in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 95(5):1082-4, 2020
                                            2. Voortman M et al: The burden of neurosarcoidosis: essential approaches to early diagnosis and treatment. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 41(5):641-51, 2020
                                            3. Triplett JD et al: Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye and ear (BEE syndromes). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 90(8):882-94, 2019
                                            4. Blume C et al: Neurosarcoidosis as a rare differential diagnosis for single or multiple lesions of the nervous system. Br J Neurosurg. 1-5, 2018
                                            5. Greene JJ et al: The protean neuropsychiatric and vestibuloauditory manifestations of neurosarcoidosis. Audiol Neurootol. 22(4-5):205-17, 2017
                                            6. Shimizu K et al: Isolated neurosarcoidosis presenting with multiple cranial nerve palsies. Surg Neurol Int. 7:44, 2016
                                            7. Carlson ML et al: Cranial base manifestations of neurosarcoidosis: a review of 305 patients. Otol Neurotol. 36(1):156-66, 2015
                                            8. Hebel R et al: Overview of neurosarcoidosis: recent advances. J Neurol. 262(2):258-67, 2015
                                            9. Santos E et al: Treatment of refractory neurosarcoidosis with Infliximab. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 81(3):241-6, 2010
                                            10. Bolat S et al: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is useful in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. J Neurol Sci. 287(1-2):257-9, 2009
                                            11. Pawate S et al: Presentations and outcomes of neurosarcoidosis: a study of 54 cases. QJM. 102(7):449-60, 2009
                                            12. Shah R et al: Correlation of MR imaging findings and clinical manifestations in neurosarcoidosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(5):953-61, 2009
                                            13. Visée H et al: Diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls in neurosarcoidosis. Acta Neurol Belg. 109(2):91-9, 2009
                                            14. Aide N et al: Impact of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) imaging in sarcoidosis: unsuspected neurosarcoidosis discovered by [18F]-FDG PET and early metabolic response to corticosteroid therapy. Br J Radiol. 80(951):e67-71, 2007
                                            15. Kreuzberg B et al: The contribution of MRI to the diagnosis of diffuse meningeal lesions. Neuroradiology. 46(3):198-204, 2004
                                            16. Christoforidis GA et al: MR of CNS sarcoidosis: correlation of imaging features to clinical symptoms and response to treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(4):655-69, 1999
                                            17. Lexa FJ et al: MR of sarcoidosis in the head and spine: spectrum of manifestations and radiographic response to steroid therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 15(5):973-82, 1994
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Terminology

                                              • Imaging

                                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                  • Pathology

                                                    • Clinical Issues

                                                      TERMINOLOGY

                                                      • Definitions

                                                        • Systemic disorder with noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas of multiple organ systems

                                                      IMAGING

                                                      • General Features

                                                        • Radiographic Findings

                                                          • CT Findings

                                                            • MR Findings

                                                              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                                    • General Features

                                                                      • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                        • Microscopic Features

                                                                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                          • Presentation

                                                                            • Demographics

                                                                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                • Treatment

                                                                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                  • Consider

                                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Fritz D et al: Whole-body 18F-FDG PET-CT in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 95(5):1082-4, 2020
                                                                                      2. Voortman M et al: The burden of neurosarcoidosis: essential approaches to early diagnosis and treatment. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 41(5):641-51, 2020
                                                                                      3. Triplett JD et al: Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye and ear (BEE syndromes). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 90(8):882-94, 2019
                                                                                      4. Blume C et al: Neurosarcoidosis as a rare differential diagnosis for single or multiple lesions of the nervous system. Br J Neurosurg. 1-5, 2018
                                                                                      5. Greene JJ et al: The protean neuropsychiatric and vestibuloauditory manifestations of neurosarcoidosis. Audiol Neurootol. 22(4-5):205-17, 2017
                                                                                      6. Shimizu K et al: Isolated neurosarcoidosis presenting with multiple cranial nerve palsies. Surg Neurol Int. 7:44, 2016
                                                                                      7. Carlson ML et al: Cranial base manifestations of neurosarcoidosis: a review of 305 patients. Otol Neurotol. 36(1):156-66, 2015
                                                                                      8. Hebel R et al: Overview of neurosarcoidosis: recent advances. J Neurol. 262(2):258-67, 2015
                                                                                      9. Santos E et al: Treatment of refractory neurosarcoidosis with Infliximab. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 81(3):241-6, 2010
                                                                                      10. Bolat S et al: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is useful in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. J Neurol Sci. 287(1-2):257-9, 2009
                                                                                      11. Pawate S et al: Presentations and outcomes of neurosarcoidosis: a study of 54 cases. QJM. 102(7):449-60, 2009
                                                                                      12. Shah R et al: Correlation of MR imaging findings and clinical manifestations in neurosarcoidosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(5):953-61, 2009
                                                                                      13. Visée H et al: Diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls in neurosarcoidosis. Acta Neurol Belg. 109(2):91-9, 2009
                                                                                      14. Aide N et al: Impact of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) imaging in sarcoidosis: unsuspected neurosarcoidosis discovered by [18F]-FDG PET and early metabolic response to corticosteroid therapy. Br J Radiol. 80(951):e67-71, 2007
                                                                                      15. Kreuzberg B et al: The contribution of MRI to the diagnosis of diffuse meningeal lesions. Neuroradiology. 46(3):198-204, 2004
                                                                                      16. Christoforidis GA et al: MR of CNS sarcoidosis: correlation of imaging features to clinical symptoms and response to treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(4):655-69, 1999
                                                                                      17. Lexa FJ et al: MR of sarcoidosis in the head and spine: spectrum of manifestations and radiographic response to steroid therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 15(5):973-82, 1994