Spasmodic croup: Recurrent episodes, typically without viral prodrome or fever
Atypical croup: May refer to recurrent episodes, atypical patient age, prolonged/severe episodes, uncommon pathogen
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Lim CC et al: Croup and COVID-19 in a child: a case report and literature review. BMJ Case Rep. 14(9), 2021
Hanna J et al: Epidemiological analysis of croup in the emergency department using two national datasets. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 126:109641, 2019
Hanna R et al: Defining atypical croup: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 127:109686, 2019
Smith DK et al: Croup: Diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 97(9):575-80, 2018
Darras KE et al: Imaging acute airway obstruction in infants and children. Radiographics. 35(7):2064-79, 2015
Delany DR et al: Role of direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy in recurrent croup. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 152(1): 159-64, 2015
Duval M et al: Role of operative airway evaluation in children with recurrent croup: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Otolaryngol. 40(3): 227-33, 2015
Hodnett BL et al: Objective endoscopic findings in patients with recurrent croup: 10-year retrospective analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 79(12):2343-7, 2015
Johnson DW: Croup. BMJ Clin Evid. 2014, 2014
Petrocheilou A et al: Viral croup: diagnosis and a treatment algorithm. Pediatr Pulmonol. 49(5):421-9, 2014
Elbuluk O et al: Laryngomalacia presenting as recurrent croup in an infant. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2013:649203, 2013
Ibrahimov M et al: Laryngeal foreign body mimicking croup. J Craniofac Surg. 24(1):e7-8, 2013
Choi J et al: Common pediatric respiratory emergencies. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 30(2):529-63, x, 2012
Spasmodic croup: Recurrent episodes, typically without viral prodrome or fever
Atypical croup: May refer to recurrent episodes, atypical patient age, prolonged/severe episodes, uncommon pathogen
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Lim CC et al: Croup and COVID-19 in a child: a case report and literature review. BMJ Case Rep. 14(9), 2021
Hanna J et al: Epidemiological analysis of croup in the emergency department using two national datasets. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 126:109641, 2019
Hanna R et al: Defining atypical croup: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 127:109686, 2019
Smith DK et al: Croup: Diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 97(9):575-80, 2018
Darras KE et al: Imaging acute airway obstruction in infants and children. Radiographics. 35(7):2064-79, 2015
Delany DR et al: Role of direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy in recurrent croup. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 152(1): 159-64, 2015
Duval M et al: Role of operative airway evaluation in children with recurrent croup: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Otolaryngol. 40(3): 227-33, 2015
Hodnett BL et al: Objective endoscopic findings in patients with recurrent croup: 10-year retrospective analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 79(12):2343-7, 2015
Johnson DW: Croup. BMJ Clin Evid. 2014, 2014
Petrocheilou A et al: Viral croup: diagnosis and a treatment algorithm. Pediatr Pulmonol. 49(5):421-9, 2014
Elbuluk O et al: Laryngomalacia presenting as recurrent croup in an infant. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2013:649203, 2013
Ibrahimov M et al: Laryngeal foreign body mimicking croup. J Craniofac Surg. 24(1):e7-8, 2013
Choi J et al: Common pediatric respiratory emergencies. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 30(2):529-63, x, 2012