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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Cryptococcus neoformans (CN)
- C. gattii (CG)
Definitions
- Fungal infection caused by C. CN and C. CG
- Opportunistic fungal infection that typically affects HIV(+) and other immunocompromised patients
- Can occur in immunocompetent patients
- Pulmonary infection with subsequent transfer of circulating Cryptococci into subarachnoid spaces, perivascular spaces (PVSs) = leptomeningitis
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Beardsley J et al: Central nervous system cryptococcal infections in non-HIV infected patients. J Fungi (Basel). 5(3), 2019
- Friedman DZP et al: Emerging fungal infections: new patients, new patterns, and new pathogens. J Fungi (Basel). 5(3), 2019
- Lahiri S et al: Clinical insights and epidemiology of central nervous system infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complexes: a prospective study from South India. Med Mycol. ePub, 2019
- Li XQ et al: Comparison and correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical severity in nonhuman immunodeficiency virus patients with cryptococcal infection of central nervous system. Chin Med J (Engl). 131(24):2930-7, 2018
- Franco-Paredes C et al: Management of Cryptococcus gattii meningoencephalitis. Lancet Infect Dis. 15(3):348-55, 2015
- Gottumukkala RV et al: Imaging of the brain in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 23(5):275-91, 2014
- Starkey J et al: MRI of CNS fungal infections: review of aspergillosis to histoplasmosis and everything in between. Clin Neuroradiol. 24(3):217-30, 2014
- Corti M et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in AIDS patients with central nervous system cryptococcosis. Rev Iberoam Micol. 25(4):211-4, 2008
- Thurnher MM et al: Neuroimaging in the brain in HIV-1-infected patients. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(1):93-117; viii, 2008
- Bretaudeau K et al: [Cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis in an apparently immunocompetent patient.] Rev Neurol (Paris). 162(2):233-7, 2006
- Saigal G et al: Unusual presentation of central nervous system cryptococcal infection in an immunocompetent patient. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(10):2522-6, 2005
- Berkefeld J et al: Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis in AIDS: parenchymal and meningeal forms. Neuroradiology. 41(2):129-33, 1999
- Miszkiel KA et al: The spectrum of MRI findings in CNS cryptococcosis in AIDS. Clin Radiol. 51(12):842-50, 1996
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Cryptococcus neoformans (CN)
- C. gattii (CG)
Definitions
- Fungal infection caused by C. CN and C. CG
- Opportunistic fungal infection that typically affects HIV(+) and other immunocompromised patients
- Can occur in immunocompetent patients
- Pulmonary infection with subsequent transfer of circulating Cryptococci into subarachnoid spaces, perivascular spaces (PVSs) = leptomeningitis
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Beardsley J et al: Central nervous system cryptococcal infections in non-HIV infected patients. J Fungi (Basel). 5(3), 2019
- Friedman DZP et al: Emerging fungal infections: new patients, new patterns, and new pathogens. J Fungi (Basel). 5(3), 2019
- Lahiri S et al: Clinical insights and epidemiology of central nervous system infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complexes: a prospective study from South India. Med Mycol. ePub, 2019
- Li XQ et al: Comparison and correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical severity in nonhuman immunodeficiency virus patients with cryptococcal infection of central nervous system. Chin Med J (Engl). 131(24):2930-7, 2018
- Franco-Paredes C et al: Management of Cryptococcus gattii meningoencephalitis. Lancet Infect Dis. 15(3):348-55, 2015
- Gottumukkala RV et al: Imaging of the brain in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 23(5):275-91, 2014
- Starkey J et al: MRI of CNS fungal infections: review of aspergillosis to histoplasmosis and everything in between. Clin Neuroradiol. 24(3):217-30, 2014
- Corti M et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in AIDS patients with central nervous system cryptococcosis. Rev Iberoam Micol. 25(4):211-4, 2008
- Thurnher MM et al: Neuroimaging in the brain in HIV-1-infected patients. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(1):93-117; viii, 2008
- Bretaudeau K et al: [Cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis in an apparently immunocompetent patient.] Rev Neurol (Paris). 162(2):233-7, 2006
- Saigal G et al: Unusual presentation of central nervous system cryptococcal infection in an immunocompetent patient. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(10):2522-6, 2005
- Berkefeld J et al: Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis in AIDS: parenchymal and meningeal forms. Neuroradiology. 41(2):129-33, 1999
- Miszkiel KA et al: The spectrum of MRI findings in CNS cryptococcosis in AIDS. Clin Radiol. 51(12):842-50, 1996
