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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Degenerative joint disease (DJD)
Synonyms
- Osteoarthrosis (OA), lateral atlantoaxial osteoarthritis, C1-C2 lateral mass arthritis
- Osteoarthritis (out of favor although widely used; OA is not inflammatory process)
Definitions
- Joint-based abnormality secondary to cartilage damage
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
C1-C2 Joint Injection
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Adogwa O et al: Improvements in neck pain and disability following C1-C2 posterior cervical instrumentation and fusion for atlanto-axial osteoarthritis. World Neurosurg. 139:e496-500, 2020
- Fung M et al: Clinical and radiological outcomes of image guided posterior C1-C2 fixation for atlantoaxial osteoarthritis (AAOA). J Spine Surg. 4(4):725-35, 2018
- Buraimoh MA et al: Lateral atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: a narrative literature review. Clin Spine Surg. 30(10):433-8, 2017
- Shinseki MS et al: Association between advanced degenerative changes of the atlanto-dens joint and presence of dens fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 96(9):712-7, 2014
- Elliott RE et al: Outcomes of fusion for lateral atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: meta-analysis and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 80(6):e337-46, 2013
- Yoshihara H et al: Surgical treatment for atlantooccipital osteoarthritis: a case report of two patients. Eur Spine J. 20 Suppl 2:S243-7, 2011
- Julien TP et al: Subchondral cysts of the atlantoaxial joint: a risk factor for odontoid fractures in the elderly. Spine J. 9(10):e1-4, 2009
- Finn M et al: Surgical treatment of nonrheumatoid atlantoaxial degenerative arthritis producing pain and myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(26):3067-73, 2007
- Schaeren S et al: Atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: case series and review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 14(5):501-6, 2005
- Aprill C et al: Occipital headaches stemming from the lateral atlanto-axial (C1-2) joint. Cephalalgia. 22(1):15-22, 2002
- Zapletal J et al: Radiologic prevalence of advanced lateral C1-C2 osteoarthritis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(21):2511-3, 1997
- Ghanayem AJ et al: Osteoarthrosis of the atlanto-axial joints. Long-term follow-up after treatment with arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 78(9):1300-7, 1996
- Chevrot A et al: C1-2 arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 24(6):425-9, 1995
- Dreyfuss P et al: Atlanto-occipital and lateral atlanto-axial joint pain patterns. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 19(10):1125-31, 1994
- Star MJ et al: Atlantoaxial lateral mass osteoarthritis. A frequently overlooked cause of severe occipitocervical pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 17(6 Suppl):S71-6, 1992
- Genez BM et al: CT findings of degenerative arthritis of the atlantoodontoid joint. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(2):315-8, 1990
- Halla JT et al: Atlantoaxial (C1-C2) facet joint osteoarthritis: a distinctive clinical syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 30(5):577-82, 1987
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Degenerative joint disease (DJD)
Synonyms
- Osteoarthrosis (OA), lateral atlantoaxial osteoarthritis, C1-C2 lateral mass arthritis
- Osteoarthritis (out of favor although widely used; OA is not inflammatory process)
Definitions
- Joint-based abnormality secondary to cartilage damage
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
C1-C2 Joint Injection
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Adogwa O et al: Improvements in neck pain and disability following C1-C2 posterior cervical instrumentation and fusion for atlanto-axial osteoarthritis. World Neurosurg. 139:e496-500, 2020
- Fung M et al: Clinical and radiological outcomes of image guided posterior C1-C2 fixation for atlantoaxial osteoarthritis (AAOA). J Spine Surg. 4(4):725-35, 2018
- Buraimoh MA et al: Lateral atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: a narrative literature review. Clin Spine Surg. 30(10):433-8, 2017
- Shinseki MS et al: Association between advanced degenerative changes of the atlanto-dens joint and presence of dens fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 96(9):712-7, 2014
- Elliott RE et al: Outcomes of fusion for lateral atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: meta-analysis and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 80(6):e337-46, 2013
- Yoshihara H et al: Surgical treatment for atlantooccipital osteoarthritis: a case report of two patients. Eur Spine J. 20 Suppl 2:S243-7, 2011
- Julien TP et al: Subchondral cysts of the atlantoaxial joint: a risk factor for odontoid fractures in the elderly. Spine J. 9(10):e1-4, 2009
- Finn M et al: Surgical treatment of nonrheumatoid atlantoaxial degenerative arthritis producing pain and myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(26):3067-73, 2007
- Schaeren S et al: Atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: case series and review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 14(5):501-6, 2005
- Aprill C et al: Occipital headaches stemming from the lateral atlanto-axial (C1-2) joint. Cephalalgia. 22(1):15-22, 2002
- Zapletal J et al: Radiologic prevalence of advanced lateral C1-C2 osteoarthritis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(21):2511-3, 1997
- Ghanayem AJ et al: Osteoarthrosis of the atlanto-axial joints. Long-term follow-up after treatment with arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 78(9):1300-7, 1996
- Chevrot A et al: C1-2 arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 24(6):425-9, 1995
- Dreyfuss P et al: Atlanto-occipital and lateral atlanto-axial joint pain patterns. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 19(10):1125-31, 1994
- Star MJ et al: Atlantoaxial lateral mass osteoarthritis. A frequently overlooked cause of severe occipitocervical pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 17(6 Suppl):S71-6, 1992
- Genez BM et al: CT findings of degenerative arthritis of the atlantoodontoid joint. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(2):315-8, 1990
- Halla JT et al: Atlantoaxial (C1-C2) facet joint osteoarthritis: a distinctive clinical syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 30(5):577-82, 1987
