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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Vertebral endplate change, Modic changes
- Type I, II, III endplate change
Definitions
- MR signal abnormalities involving vertebral body endplates related to degenerative disc disease
- Type I: Hypointense on T1WI, hyperintense on T2WI
- Type II: Hyperintense on T1WI, isointense on T2WI
- Type III: Hypointense on T1WI and T2WI
- MR signal abnormalities involving vertebral body endplates related to degenerative disc disease
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Chen Y et al: Distribution of Modic changes in patients with low back pain and its related factors. Eur J Med Res. 24(1):34, 2019
- Dudli S et al: Pathobiology of Modic changes. Eur Spine J. 25(11):3723-34, 2016
- Albert HB et al: Antibiotic treatment in patients with chronic low back pain and vertebral bone edema (Modic type 1 changes): a double-blind randomized clinical controlled trial of efficacy. Eur Spine J. 22(4):697-707, 2013
- Luoma K et al: Relationship of Modic type 1 change with disc degeneration: a prospective MRI study. Skeletal Radiol. 38(3):237-44, 2009
- Thompson KJ et al: Modic changes on MR images as studied with provocative diskography: clinical relevance--a retrospective study of 2457 disks. Radiology. 250(3):849-55, 2009
- Jensen TS et al: Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain. Eur Spine J. 17(11):1407-22, 2008
- Rahme R et al: The modic vertebral endplate and marrow changes: pathologic significance and relation to low back pain and segmental instability of the lumbar spine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 29(5):838-42, 2008
- Zhang YH et al: Modic changes: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 17(10):1289-99, 2008
- Modic MT et al: Lumbar degenerative disk disease. Radiology. 245(1):43-61, 2007
- Senegas J: Mechanical supplementation by non-rigid fixation in degenerative intervertebral lumbar segments: the Wallis system. Eur Spine J. 11 Suppl 2: S164-9, 2002
- Stumpe KD et al: FDG positron emission tomography for differentiation of degenerative and infectious endplate abnormalities in the lumbar spine detected on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 179(5): 1151-7, 2002
- Weishaupt D et al: Painful lumbar disk derangement: relevance of endplate abnormalities at MR imaging. Radiology. 218(2):420-7, 2001
- Sandhu HS et al: Association between findings of provocative discography and vertebral endplate signal changes as seen on MRI. J Spinal Disord. 13(5): 438-43, 2000
- Van Goethem JW et al: The value of MRI in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis. Neuroradiology. 42(8): 580-5, 2000
- Braithwaite I et al: Vertebral end-plate (Modic) changes on lumbar spine MRI: correlation with pain reproduction at lumbar discography. Eur Spine J. 7(5):363-8, 1998
- Ito M et al: Predictive signs of discogenic lumbar pain on magnetic resonance imaging with discography correlation. Spine. 23(11): 1252-8; discussion 1259-60, 1998
- Ross JS et al: The postoperative lumbar spine: enhanced MR evaluation of the intervertebral disk. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(2): 323-31, 1996
- Modic MT et al: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging in acute lumbar radiculopathy: a pilot study of the natural history. Radiology. 195(2): 429-35, 1995
- Ulmer JL et al: Lumbar spondylolysis: reactive marrow changes seen in adjacent pedicles on MR images. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(2): 429-33, 1995
- Ross JS et al: Current assessment of spinal degenerative disease with magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Orthop. (279): 68-81, 1992
- Ross JS et al: Assessment of extradural degenerative disease with Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging: correlation with surgical and pathologic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 10(6):1243-9, 1989
- Hueftle MG et al: Lumbar spine: postoperative MR imaging with Gd-DTPA. Radiology. 167(3):817-24, 1988
- Masaryk TJ et al: High-resolution MR imaging of sequestered lumbar intervertebral disks. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 150(5):1155-62, 1988
- Modic MT et al: Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging. Radiology. 166(1 Pt 1):193-9, 1988
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Vertebral endplate change, Modic changes
- Type I, II, III endplate change
Definitions
- MR signal abnormalities involving vertebral body endplates related to degenerative disc disease
- Type I: Hypointense on T1WI, hyperintense on T2WI
- Type II: Hyperintense on T1WI, isointense on T2WI
- Type III: Hypointense on T1WI and T2WI
- MR signal abnormalities involving vertebral body endplates related to degenerative disc disease
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Chen Y et al: Distribution of Modic changes in patients with low back pain and its related factors. Eur J Med Res. 24(1):34, 2019
- Dudli S et al: Pathobiology of Modic changes. Eur Spine J. 25(11):3723-34, 2016
- Albert HB et al: Antibiotic treatment in patients with chronic low back pain and vertebral bone edema (Modic type 1 changes): a double-blind randomized clinical controlled trial of efficacy. Eur Spine J. 22(4):697-707, 2013
- Luoma K et al: Relationship of Modic type 1 change with disc degeneration: a prospective MRI study. Skeletal Radiol. 38(3):237-44, 2009
- Thompson KJ et al: Modic changes on MR images as studied with provocative diskography: clinical relevance--a retrospective study of 2457 disks. Radiology. 250(3):849-55, 2009
- Jensen TS et al: Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain. Eur Spine J. 17(11):1407-22, 2008
- Rahme R et al: The modic vertebral endplate and marrow changes: pathologic significance and relation to low back pain and segmental instability of the lumbar spine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 29(5):838-42, 2008
- Zhang YH et al: Modic changes: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Spine J. 17(10):1289-99, 2008
- Modic MT et al: Lumbar degenerative disk disease. Radiology. 245(1):43-61, 2007
- Senegas J: Mechanical supplementation by non-rigid fixation in degenerative intervertebral lumbar segments: the Wallis system. Eur Spine J. 11 Suppl 2: S164-9, 2002
- Stumpe KD et al: FDG positron emission tomography for differentiation of degenerative and infectious endplate abnormalities in the lumbar spine detected on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 179(5): 1151-7, 2002
- Weishaupt D et al: Painful lumbar disk derangement: relevance of endplate abnormalities at MR imaging. Radiology. 218(2):420-7, 2001
- Sandhu HS et al: Association between findings of provocative discography and vertebral endplate signal changes as seen on MRI. J Spinal Disord. 13(5): 438-43, 2000
- Van Goethem JW et al: The value of MRI in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis. Neuroradiology. 42(8): 580-5, 2000
- Braithwaite I et al: Vertebral end-plate (Modic) changes on lumbar spine MRI: correlation with pain reproduction at lumbar discography. Eur Spine J. 7(5):363-8, 1998
- Ito M et al: Predictive signs of discogenic lumbar pain on magnetic resonance imaging with discography correlation. Spine. 23(11): 1252-8; discussion 1259-60, 1998
- Ross JS et al: The postoperative lumbar spine: enhanced MR evaluation of the intervertebral disk. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(2): 323-31, 1996
- Modic MT et al: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging in acute lumbar radiculopathy: a pilot study of the natural history. Radiology. 195(2): 429-35, 1995
- Ulmer JL et al: Lumbar spondylolysis: reactive marrow changes seen in adjacent pedicles on MR images. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(2): 429-33, 1995
- Ross JS et al: Current assessment of spinal degenerative disease with magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Orthop. (279): 68-81, 1992
- Ross JS et al: Assessment of extradural degenerative disease with Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging: correlation with surgical and pathologic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 10(6):1243-9, 1989
- Hueftle MG et al: Lumbar spine: postoperative MR imaging with Gd-DTPA. Radiology. 167(3):817-24, 1988
- Masaryk TJ et al: High-resolution MR imaging of sequestered lumbar intervertebral disks. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 150(5):1155-62, 1988
- Modic MT et al: Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging. Radiology. 166(1 Pt 1):193-9, 1988
