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KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Medial clear space (a.k.a. medial ankle gutter): radiographic interval between medial malleolus and medial talus
- Pronation: combination of eversion, abduction, and rotation, resulting in depression of medial arch
- Supination: combination of inversion, adduction, and rotation, resulting in elevation of medial arch
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Cooper MT: The role of deltoid repair and arthroscopy in ankle fractures. Clin Sports Med. 39(4):733-43, 2020
- Crim J et al: MRI and surgical findings in deltoid ligament tears. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(1):W63-9, 2015
- Jeong MS et al: Deltoid ligament in acute ankle injury: MR imaging analysis. Skeletal Radiol. 43(5):655-63, 2014
- Crim JR et al: Deltoid ligament abnormalities in chronic lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 32(9):873-8, 2011
- Beals TR et al: Deltoid ligament injuries in athletes: techniques of repair and reconstruction. Oper Tech Sports Med, 18(1), 1-10, 2010
- Chhabra A et al: MR imaging of deltoid ligament pathologic findings and associated impingement syndromes. Radiographics. 30(3):751-61, 2010
- Cheung Y et al: MRI of isolated distal fibular fractures with widened medial clear space on stressed radiographs: which ligaments are interrupted? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):W7-12, 2009
- Mengiardi B et al: Medial collateral ligament complex of the ankle: MR appearance in asymptomatic subjects. Radiology. 242(3):817-24, 2007
- Hintermann B et al: Deltoid ligament injuries: diagnosis and management. Foot Ankle Clin. 11(3):625-37, 2006
- Hintermann B et al: Medial ankle instability: an exploratory, prospective study of fifty-two cases. Am J Sports Med. 32(1):183-90, 2004
- Hintermann B: Medial ankle instability. Foot Ankle Clin. 8(4):723-38, 2003
- Miller CD et al: Deltoid and syndesmosis ligament injury of the ankle without fracture. Am J Sports Med. 23(6):746-50, 1995
- Rasmussen O et al: Deltoid ligament. Functional analysis of the medial collateral ligamentous apparatus of the ankle joint. Acta Orthop Scand. 54(1):36-44, 1983
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Medial clear space (a.k.a. medial ankle gutter): radiographic interval between medial malleolus and medial talus
- Pronation: combination of eversion, abduction, and rotation, resulting in depression of medial arch
- Supination: combination of inversion, adduction, and rotation, resulting in elevation of medial arch
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Cooper MT: The role of deltoid repair and arthroscopy in ankle fractures. Clin Sports Med. 39(4):733-43, 2020
- Crim J et al: MRI and surgical findings in deltoid ligament tears. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(1):W63-9, 2015
- Jeong MS et al: Deltoid ligament in acute ankle injury: MR imaging analysis. Skeletal Radiol. 43(5):655-63, 2014
- Crim JR et al: Deltoid ligament abnormalities in chronic lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 32(9):873-8, 2011
- Beals TR et al: Deltoid ligament injuries in athletes: techniques of repair and reconstruction. Oper Tech Sports Med, 18(1), 1-10, 2010
- Chhabra A et al: MR imaging of deltoid ligament pathologic findings and associated impingement syndromes. Radiographics. 30(3):751-61, 2010
- Cheung Y et al: MRI of isolated distal fibular fractures with widened medial clear space on stressed radiographs: which ligaments are interrupted? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):W7-12, 2009
- Mengiardi B et al: Medial collateral ligament complex of the ankle: MR appearance in asymptomatic subjects. Radiology. 242(3):817-24, 2007
- Hintermann B et al: Deltoid ligament injuries: diagnosis and management. Foot Ankle Clin. 11(3):625-37, 2006
- Hintermann B et al: Medial ankle instability: an exploratory, prospective study of fifty-two cases. Am J Sports Med. 32(1):183-90, 2004
- Hintermann B: Medial ankle instability. Foot Ankle Clin. 8(4):723-38, 2003
- Miller CD et al: Deltoid and syndesmosis ligament injury of the ankle without fracture. Am J Sports Med. 23(6):746-50, 1995
- Rasmussen O et al: Deltoid ligament. Functional analysis of the medial collateral ligamentous apparatus of the ankle joint. Acta Orthop Scand. 54(1):36-44, 1983
