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Head and Neck
Diagnosis
Pediatric Lesions
Congenital Lesions
Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts
Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts
Bernadette L. Koch, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Diagnostic Checklist

        TERMINOLOGY

        • Synonyms

          • Developmental cyst, ectodermal inclusion cyst, dermoid cyst

        • Definitions

          • Congenital epithelial inclusion or rest → cystic mass
            • Epidermoid: Epithelial elements only
            • Dermoid: Epithelial elements + dermal substructure, including dermal appendages

        IMAGING

        • General Features

          • CT Findings

            • MR Findings

              • Ultrasonographic Findings

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                    PATHOLOGY

                    • General Features

                      • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                        • Microscopic Features

                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                          • Presentation

                            • Demographics

                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                • Treatment

                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                  • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                    Selected References

                                    1. Naina P et al: Pediatric nasal dermoid- a decade's experience from a South Indian tertiary care centre. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 139:110418, 2020
                                    2. Purnell CA et al: Nasal dermoid cysts with intracranial extension: avoiding coronal incision through midline exposure and nasal bone osteotomy. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 1-7, 2019
                                    3. Rodriguez DP et al: Masses of the nose, nasal cavity, and nasopharynx in children. Radiographics. 37(6):1704-30, 2017
                                    4. Hartley BE et al: Nasal dermoids in children: a proposal for a new classification based on 103 cases at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 79(1):18-22, 2015
                                    5. LaPlante JK et al: Common pediatric head and neck congenital/developmental anomalies. Radiol Clin North Am. 53(1):181-96, 2015
                                    6. Moses MA et al: The management of midline frontonasal dermoids: a review of 55 cases at a tertiary referral center and a protocol for treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 135(1):187-96, 2015
                                    7. Paradis J et al: Pediatric teratoma and dermoid cysts. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 48(1):121-36, 2015
                                    8. Hughes DC et al: Dimensions and ossification of the normal anterior cranial fossa in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(7):1268-72, 2010
                                    9. Papadogeorgakis N et al: Surgical management of a large median dermoid cyst of the neck causing airway obstruction. A case report. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 13(3):181-4, 2009
                                    10. Sari A et al: Atypical presentation of an intraorbital dermoid cyst. J Craniofac Surg. 19(6):1715-6, 2008
                                    11. Suzuki C et al: Apparent diffusion coefficient of subcutaneous epidermal cysts in the head and neck comparison with intracranial epidermoid cysts. Acad Radiol. 14(9):1020-8, 2007
                                    12. Hedlund G: Congenital frontonasal masses: developmental anatomy, malformations, and MR imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 36(7):647-62; quiz 726-7, 2006
                                    13. Khanna G, Sato Y, Smith RJ, Bauman NM, Nerad J. Causes of facial swelling in pediatric patients: correlation of clinical and radiologic findings. Radiographics. Jan-Feb;26(1):157-71, 2006
                                    14. Kim IK et al: Coexisting sublingual and submental dermoid cysts in an infant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 102(6):778-81, 2006
                                    15. Yilmaz I et al: Giant sublingual epidermoid cyst: a report of two cases. J Laryngol Otol. 120(3):E19, 2006
                                    16. Bodner L et al: Dermoid cyst of the maxilla. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 34(4):453-5, 2005
                                    17. Charrier JB et al: Craniofacial dermoids: an embryological theory unifying nasal dermoid sinus cysts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 42(1):51-7, 2005
                                    18. Longo F et al: Midline (dermoid) cysts of the floor of the mouth: report of 16 cases and review of surgical techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 112(6):1560-5, 2003
                                    19. Rahbar R et al: The presentation and management of nasal dermoid: a 30-year experience. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 129(4):464-71, 2003
                                    20. Mathews J et al: True lateral dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth. J Laryngol Otol. 115(4):333-5, 2001
                                    21. Myssiorek D et al: Intralingual dermoid cysts: a report of two new cases. Ear Nose Throat J. 79(5):380-3, 2000
                                    22. Yousem DM et al: Oral cavity and pharynx. Radiol Clin North Am. 36(5):967-81, vii, 1998
                                    23. al-Khayat M et al: Midline sublingual dermoid cyst. J Laryngol Otol. 104(7):578-80, 1990
                                    Related Anatomy
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                                    Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                    References
                                    Tables

                                    Tables

                                    KEY FACTS

                                    • Terminology

                                      • Imaging

                                        • Diagnostic Checklist

                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                          • Synonyms

                                            • Developmental cyst, ectodermal inclusion cyst, dermoid cyst

                                          • Definitions

                                            • Congenital epithelial inclusion or rest → cystic mass
                                              • Epidermoid: Epithelial elements only
                                              • Dermoid: Epithelial elements + dermal substructure, including dermal appendages

                                          IMAGING

                                          • General Features

                                            • CT Findings

                                              • MR Findings

                                                • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                  • Imaging Recommendations

                                                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                      PATHOLOGY

                                                      • General Features

                                                        • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                          • Microscopic Features

                                                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                            • Presentation

                                                              • Demographics

                                                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                  • Treatment

                                                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                      Selected References

                                                                      1. Naina P et al: Pediatric nasal dermoid- a decade's experience from a South Indian tertiary care centre. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 139:110418, 2020
                                                                      2. Purnell CA et al: Nasal dermoid cysts with intracranial extension: avoiding coronal incision through midline exposure and nasal bone osteotomy. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 1-7, 2019
                                                                      3. Rodriguez DP et al: Masses of the nose, nasal cavity, and nasopharynx in children. Radiographics. 37(6):1704-30, 2017
                                                                      4. Hartley BE et al: Nasal dermoids in children: a proposal for a new classification based on 103 cases at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 79(1):18-22, 2015
                                                                      5. LaPlante JK et al: Common pediatric head and neck congenital/developmental anomalies. Radiol Clin North Am. 53(1):181-96, 2015
                                                                      6. Moses MA et al: The management of midline frontonasal dermoids: a review of 55 cases at a tertiary referral center and a protocol for treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 135(1):187-96, 2015
                                                                      7. Paradis J et al: Pediatric teratoma and dermoid cysts. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 48(1):121-36, 2015
                                                                      8. Hughes DC et al: Dimensions and ossification of the normal anterior cranial fossa in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(7):1268-72, 2010
                                                                      9. Papadogeorgakis N et al: Surgical management of a large median dermoid cyst of the neck causing airway obstruction. A case report. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 13(3):181-4, 2009
                                                                      10. Sari A et al: Atypical presentation of an intraorbital dermoid cyst. J Craniofac Surg. 19(6):1715-6, 2008
                                                                      11. Suzuki C et al: Apparent diffusion coefficient of subcutaneous epidermal cysts in the head and neck comparison with intracranial epidermoid cysts. Acad Radiol. 14(9):1020-8, 2007
                                                                      12. Hedlund G: Congenital frontonasal masses: developmental anatomy, malformations, and MR imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 36(7):647-62; quiz 726-7, 2006
                                                                      13. Khanna G, Sato Y, Smith RJ, Bauman NM, Nerad J. Causes of facial swelling in pediatric patients: correlation of clinical and radiologic findings. Radiographics. Jan-Feb;26(1):157-71, 2006
                                                                      14. Kim IK et al: Coexisting sublingual and submental dermoid cysts in an infant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 102(6):778-81, 2006
                                                                      15. Yilmaz I et al: Giant sublingual epidermoid cyst: a report of two cases. J Laryngol Otol. 120(3):E19, 2006
                                                                      16. Bodner L et al: Dermoid cyst of the maxilla. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 34(4):453-5, 2005
                                                                      17. Charrier JB et al: Craniofacial dermoids: an embryological theory unifying nasal dermoid sinus cysts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 42(1):51-7, 2005
                                                                      18. Longo F et al: Midline (dermoid) cysts of the floor of the mouth: report of 16 cases and review of surgical techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 112(6):1560-5, 2003
                                                                      19. Rahbar R et al: The presentation and management of nasal dermoid: a 30-year experience. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 129(4):464-71, 2003
                                                                      20. Mathews J et al: True lateral dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth. J Laryngol Otol. 115(4):333-5, 2001
                                                                      21. Myssiorek D et al: Intralingual dermoid cysts: a report of two new cases. Ear Nose Throat J. 79(5):380-3, 2000
                                                                      22. Yousem DM et al: Oral cavity and pharynx. Radiol Clin North Am. 36(5):967-81, vii, 1998
                                                                      23. al-Khayat M et al: Midline sublingual dermoid cyst. J Laryngol Otol. 104(7):578-80, 1990