Class VII müllerian duct anomaly (MDA) based on American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification
Has been classically associated with in utero exposure of diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Similar spectrum of morphologic changes reported without history of DES exposure
IMAGING
General Features
Hysterosalpingography
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Sood A et al: T-shaped uterus in the 21st century (post DES era) - we need to know more! J Hum Reprod Sci. 12(4):283-6, 2019
Behr SC et al: Imaging of müllerian duct anomalies. Radiographics. 32(6):E233-50, 2012
Marcal L et al: Mullerian duct anomalies: MR imaging. Abdom Imaging. 36(6):756-64, 2011
Bermejo C et al: Three-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of Müllerian duct anomalies and concordance with magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 35(5):593-601, 2010
Chandler TM et al: Mullerian duct anomalies: from diagnosis to intervention. Br J Radiol. 82(984):1034-42, 2009
Olpin JD et al: Imaging of Müllerian duct anomalies. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 52(1):40-56, 2009
Steinkeler JA et al: Female infertility: a systematic approach to radiologic imaging and diagnosis. Radiographics. 29(5):1353-70, 2009
Deutch TD et al: The role of 3-dimensional ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of müllerian duct anomalies: a review of the literature. J Ultrasound Med. 27(3):413-23, 2008
Troiano RN et al: Mullerian duct anomalies: imaging and clinical issues. Radiology. 233(1):19-34, 2004
Imaoka I et al: MR imaging of disorders associated with female infertility: use in diagnosis, treatment, and management. Radiographics. 23(6):1401-21, 2003
Kruse K et al: Clinical implications of DES. Nurse Pract. 28(7 Pt 1):26-32,35, table of contents; quiz 35-7, 2003
Troiano RN: Magnetic resonance imaging of mullerian duct anomalies of the uterus. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 14(4):269-79, 2003
Swan SH: Intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol: long-term effects in humans. APMIS. 108(12):793-804, 2000
Woodward PJ et al: MR imaging in the evaluation of female infertility. Radiographics. 13(2):293-310, 1993
Milhan D: DES exposure: implications for childbearing. Int J Childbirth Educ. 7(4):21-8, 1992
Kaufman RH et al: Upper genital tract changes and infertility in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 154(6):1312-8, 1986
Glaze GM: Diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero: review of literature. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 83(6):435-8, 1984
Nunley WC Jr et al: Upper reproductive tract radiographic findings in DES-exposed female offspring. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 142(2):337-9, 1984
Stillman RJ et al: Diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero and endometriosis in infertile females. Fertil Steril. 41(3):369-72, 1984
Haney AF et al: Infertility in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. J Reprod Med. 28(12):851-6, 1983
Kaufman RH: Structural changes of the genital tract associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Obstet Gynecol Annu. 11:187-202, 1982
Kinch RA: Diethylstilbestrol in pregnancy: an update. Can Med Assoc J. 127(9):812-3, 1982
Ben-Baruch G et al: Uterine anomalies in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women with fertility disorders. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 60(4):395-7, 1981
Berger MJ et al: Impaired reproductive performance in DES-exposed women. Obstet Gynecol. 55(1):25-7, 1980
Kaufman RH et al: Upper genital tract changes and pregnancy outcome in offspring exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 137(3):299-308, 1980
Rennell CL: T-shaped uterus in diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 132(6):979-80, 1979
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Class VII müllerian duct anomaly (MDA) based on American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification
Has been classically associated with in utero exposure of diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Similar spectrum of morphologic changes reported without history of DES exposure
IMAGING
General Features
Hysterosalpingography
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Sood A et al: T-shaped uterus in the 21st century (post DES era) - we need to know more! J Hum Reprod Sci. 12(4):283-6, 2019
Behr SC et al: Imaging of müllerian duct anomalies. Radiographics. 32(6):E233-50, 2012
Marcal L et al: Mullerian duct anomalies: MR imaging. Abdom Imaging. 36(6):756-64, 2011
Bermejo C et al: Three-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of Müllerian duct anomalies and concordance with magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 35(5):593-601, 2010
Chandler TM et al: Mullerian duct anomalies: from diagnosis to intervention. Br J Radiol. 82(984):1034-42, 2009
Olpin JD et al: Imaging of Müllerian duct anomalies. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 52(1):40-56, 2009
Steinkeler JA et al: Female infertility: a systematic approach to radiologic imaging and diagnosis. Radiographics. 29(5):1353-70, 2009
Deutch TD et al: The role of 3-dimensional ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of müllerian duct anomalies: a review of the literature. J Ultrasound Med. 27(3):413-23, 2008
Troiano RN et al: Mullerian duct anomalies: imaging and clinical issues. Radiology. 233(1):19-34, 2004
Imaoka I et al: MR imaging of disorders associated with female infertility: use in diagnosis, treatment, and management. Radiographics. 23(6):1401-21, 2003
Kruse K et al: Clinical implications of DES. Nurse Pract. 28(7 Pt 1):26-32,35, table of contents; quiz 35-7, 2003
Troiano RN: Magnetic resonance imaging of mullerian duct anomalies of the uterus. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 14(4):269-79, 2003
Swan SH: Intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol: long-term effects in humans. APMIS. 108(12):793-804, 2000
Woodward PJ et al: MR imaging in the evaluation of female infertility. Radiographics. 13(2):293-310, 1993
Milhan D: DES exposure: implications for childbearing. Int J Childbirth Educ. 7(4):21-8, 1992
Kaufman RH et al: Upper genital tract changes and infertility in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 154(6):1312-8, 1986
Glaze GM: Diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero: review of literature. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 83(6):435-8, 1984
Nunley WC Jr et al: Upper reproductive tract radiographic findings in DES-exposed female offspring. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 142(2):337-9, 1984
Stillman RJ et al: Diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero and endometriosis in infertile females. Fertil Steril. 41(3):369-72, 1984
Haney AF et al: Infertility in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. J Reprod Med. 28(12):851-6, 1983
Kaufman RH: Structural changes of the genital tract associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Obstet Gynecol Annu. 11:187-202, 1982
Kinch RA: Diethylstilbestrol in pregnancy: an update. Can Med Assoc J. 127(9):812-3, 1982
Ben-Baruch G et al: Uterine anomalies in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women with fertility disorders. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 60(4):395-7, 1981
Berger MJ et al: Impaired reproductive performance in DES-exposed women. Obstet Gynecol. 55(1):25-7, 1980
Kaufman RH et al: Upper genital tract changes and pregnancy outcome in offspring exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 137(3):299-308, 1980
Rennell CL: T-shaped uterus in diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 132(6):979-80, 1979
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.