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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Myelodysplasia: Formerly known as preleukemia
Definitions
- "Marrow infiltration" and "replacement" refer to amount of cellular vs. adipocytes admixed in lesion
- Diffuse marrow infiltration: Moderately cellular tissue admixed with fat, with diffuse bone involvement
- Regenerated/repopulated/stimulated red marrow
- Chronic infection
- HIV/AIDS
- Marrow storage disorders
- Early (or treated) phase of myelodysplasia and myeloproliferative disorders
- Diffuse marrow replacement: Densely cellular lesions, with no significant adipocytes, distributed diffusely in skeleton
- Osseous carcinomatosis
- Multiple myeloma
- Myelodysplasias: Diverse group of hematologic conditions due to ineffective production of myeloid elements
- Characterized by variety of refractory anemic conditions
- Myeloproliferative disorders: Overproduction of myeloid elements
- Platelets (essential thrombocytosis)
- Reticulocytes (polycythemia vera)
- Fibroblasts/collagen (myelofibrosis)
- White cells (leukemia)
- Diffuse marrow infiltration: Moderately cellular tissue admixed with fat, with diffuse bone involvement
- Diffuse marrow infiltration or replacement do not connote benignity or malignancy per se
- "Marrow infiltration" and "replacement" refer to amount of cellular vs. adipocytes admixed in lesion
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Laudemann K et al: Evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in non-neuropathic gaucher disease patients with use of whole-body MRI - a retrospective data analysis. Rofo. 187(12):1093-1098, 2015
- Kohl CA et al: Accuracy of chemical shift MR imaging in diagnosing indeterminate bone marrow lesions in the pelvis: review of a single institution's experience. Skeletal Radiol. 43(8):1079-84, 2014
- Kung JW et al: Bone marrow signal alteration in the extremities. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(5):W492-510, 2011
- Kan JH et al: MRI diagnosis of bone marrow relapse in children with ALL. Pediatr Radiol. 38(1):76-81, 2008
- Vande Berg, BC: General principles of magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow. In Pope T et al: Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier. 1417-30, 2008
- Steinbach LS: "MRI in the detection of malignant infiltration of bone marrow"--a commentary. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):1443-5, 2007
- Tang YM et al: MRI features of bone marrow necrosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(2):509-14, 2007
- Zajick DC Jr et al: Benign and malignant processes: normal values and differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging in vertebral marrow. Radiology. 237(2):590-6, 2005
- Lecouvet FE et al: Magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging in multiple myeloma. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 5(1):43-55, 2001
- Walker RE et al: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: techniques, clinical indications, and future applications. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 5(1):5-20, 2001
- Panicek DM et al: MR imaging of bone Marrow in patients with musculoskeletal tumors. Sarcoma. 3(1):37-41, 1999
- Vande Berg BC et al: Classification and detection of bone marrow lesions with magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 27(10):529-45, 1998
- Vanel D et al: MRI of bone metastases. Eur Radiol. 8(8):1345-51, 1998
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Myelodysplasia: Formerly known as preleukemia
Definitions
- "Marrow infiltration" and "replacement" refer to amount of cellular vs. adipocytes admixed in lesion
- Diffuse marrow infiltration: Moderately cellular tissue admixed with fat, with diffuse bone involvement
- Regenerated/repopulated/stimulated red marrow
- Chronic infection
- HIV/AIDS
- Marrow storage disorders
- Early (or treated) phase of myelodysplasia and myeloproliferative disorders
- Diffuse marrow replacement: Densely cellular lesions, with no significant adipocytes, distributed diffusely in skeleton
- Osseous carcinomatosis
- Multiple myeloma
- Myelodysplasias: Diverse group of hematologic conditions due to ineffective production of myeloid elements
- Characterized by variety of refractory anemic conditions
- Myeloproliferative disorders: Overproduction of myeloid elements
- Platelets (essential thrombocytosis)
- Reticulocytes (polycythemia vera)
- Fibroblasts/collagen (myelofibrosis)
- White cells (leukemia)
- Diffuse marrow infiltration: Moderately cellular tissue admixed with fat, with diffuse bone involvement
- Diffuse marrow infiltration or replacement do not connote benignity or malignancy per se
- "Marrow infiltration" and "replacement" refer to amount of cellular vs. adipocytes admixed in lesion
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Laudemann K et al: Evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in non-neuropathic gaucher disease patients with use of whole-body MRI - a retrospective data analysis. Rofo. 187(12):1093-1098, 2015
- Kohl CA et al: Accuracy of chemical shift MR imaging in diagnosing indeterminate bone marrow lesions in the pelvis: review of a single institution's experience. Skeletal Radiol. 43(8):1079-84, 2014
- Kung JW et al: Bone marrow signal alteration in the extremities. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(5):W492-510, 2011
- Kan JH et al: MRI diagnosis of bone marrow relapse in children with ALL. Pediatr Radiol. 38(1):76-81, 2008
- Vande Berg, BC: General principles of magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow. In Pope T et al: Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier. 1417-30, 2008
- Steinbach LS: "MRI in the detection of malignant infiltration of bone marrow"--a commentary. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):1443-5, 2007
- Tang YM et al: MRI features of bone marrow necrosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(2):509-14, 2007
- Zajick DC Jr et al: Benign and malignant processes: normal values and differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging in vertebral marrow. Radiology. 237(2):590-6, 2005
- Lecouvet FE et al: Magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging in multiple myeloma. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 5(1):43-55, 2001
- Walker RE et al: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: techniques, clinical indications, and future applications. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 5(1):5-20, 2001
- Panicek DM et al: MR imaging of bone Marrow in patients with musculoskeletal tumors. Sarcoma. 3(1):37-41, 1999
- Vande Berg BC et al: Classification and detection of bone marrow lesions with magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 27(10):529-45, 1998
- Vanel D et al: MRI of bone metastases. Eur Radiol. 8(8):1345-51, 1998
