Flowing coarse osteophytes bridging 4 adjacent vertebral bodies without severe loss of intervertebral disc height and without degeneration of apophyseal and sacroiliac (SI) joints
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kuperus JS et al: Criteria for early-phase diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: development and validation. Radiology. 291(2):420-6, 2019
Murakami Y et al: Association between vertebral fracture and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 44(18):E1068-74, 2019
O'Neill KR et al: Risk factors for postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma after anterior cervical spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(4):E246-52, 2014
Westerveld LA et al: Clinical outcome after traumatic spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders compared with control patients. Spine J. 14(5):729-40, 2014
Mader R et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 9(12):741-50, 2013
Taljanovic MS et al: Imaging characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with an emphasis on acute spinal fractures: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3 Suppl):S10-9, 2009
Urrutia J et al: Long-term results of surgical treatment of dysphagia secondary to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Spine J. 9(9):e13-7, 2009
Whang PG et al: The management of spinal injuries in patients with ankylosing spondylitis or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a comparison of treatment methods and clinical outcomes. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(2):77-85, 2009
Mader R: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a distinct clinical entity. Isr Med Assoc J. 5(7):506-8, 2003
Belanger TA et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: musculoskeletal manifestations. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 9(4):258-67, 2001
Le Hir PX et al: Hyperextension vertebral body fractures in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a cause of intravertebral fluidlike collections on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(6):1679-83, 1999
Papakostas K et al: An unusual case of stridor due to osteophytes of the cervical spine: (Forestier's disease). J Laryngol Otol. 113(1):65-7, 1999
Cammisa M et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Eur J Radiol. 27 Suppl 1:S7-11, 1998
Ehara S et al: Paravertebral ligamentous ossification: DISH, OPLL and OLF. Eur J Radiol. 27(3):196-205, 1998
Mata S et al: A controlled study of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Clinical features and functional status. Medicine (Baltimore). 76(2):104-17, 1997
Weinfeld RM et al: The prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in two large American Midwest metropolitan hospital populations. Skeletal Radiol. 26(4):222-5, 1997
Van Dooren-Greebe RJ et al: Prolonged treatment with oral retinoids in adults: no influence on the frequency and severity of spinal abnormalities. Br J Dermatol. 134(1):71-6, 1996
McCafferty RR et al: Ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament and Forestier's disease: an analysis of seven cases. J Neurosurg. 83(1):13-7, 1995
Nesher G et al: Rheumatologic complications of vitamin A and retinoids. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 24(4):291-6, 1995
Burkus JK et al: Hyperextension injuries of the thoracic spine in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76(2):237-43, 1994
Mata S et al: Chest radiographs as a screening test for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. J Rheumatol. 20(11):1905-10, 1993
Ramos-Remus C et al: Radiologic features of DISH may mimic ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 11(6):603-8, 1993
Schlapbach P et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) of the spine: a cause of back pain? A controlled study. Br J Rheumatol. 28(4):299-303, 1989
Resnick D et al: Association of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and calcification and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 131(6):1049-53, 1978
Resnick D et al: Radiographic and pathologic features of spinal involvement in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Radiology. 119(3):559-68, 1976
Flowing coarse osteophytes bridging 4 adjacent vertebral bodies without severe loss of intervertebral disc height and without degeneration of apophyseal and sacroiliac (SI) joints
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kuperus JS et al: Criteria for early-phase diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: development and validation. Radiology. 291(2):420-6, 2019
Murakami Y et al: Association between vertebral fracture and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 44(18):E1068-74, 2019
O'Neill KR et al: Risk factors for postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma after anterior cervical spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(4):E246-52, 2014
Westerveld LA et al: Clinical outcome after traumatic spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders compared with control patients. Spine J. 14(5):729-40, 2014
Mader R et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 9(12):741-50, 2013
Taljanovic MS et al: Imaging characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with an emphasis on acute spinal fractures: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3 Suppl):S10-9, 2009
Urrutia J et al: Long-term results of surgical treatment of dysphagia secondary to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Spine J. 9(9):e13-7, 2009
Whang PG et al: The management of spinal injuries in patients with ankylosing spondylitis or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a comparison of treatment methods and clinical outcomes. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(2):77-85, 2009
Mader R: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a distinct clinical entity. Isr Med Assoc J. 5(7):506-8, 2003
Belanger TA et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: musculoskeletal manifestations. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 9(4):258-67, 2001
Le Hir PX et al: Hyperextension vertebral body fractures in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a cause of intravertebral fluidlike collections on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(6):1679-83, 1999
Papakostas K et al: An unusual case of stridor due to osteophytes of the cervical spine: (Forestier's disease). J Laryngol Otol. 113(1):65-7, 1999
Cammisa M et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Eur J Radiol. 27 Suppl 1:S7-11, 1998
Ehara S et al: Paravertebral ligamentous ossification: DISH, OPLL and OLF. Eur J Radiol. 27(3):196-205, 1998
Mata S et al: A controlled study of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Clinical features and functional status. Medicine (Baltimore). 76(2):104-17, 1997
Weinfeld RM et al: The prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in two large American Midwest metropolitan hospital populations. Skeletal Radiol. 26(4):222-5, 1997
Van Dooren-Greebe RJ et al: Prolonged treatment with oral retinoids in adults: no influence on the frequency and severity of spinal abnormalities. Br J Dermatol. 134(1):71-6, 1996
McCafferty RR et al: Ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament and Forestier's disease: an analysis of seven cases. J Neurosurg. 83(1):13-7, 1995
Nesher G et al: Rheumatologic complications of vitamin A and retinoids. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 24(4):291-6, 1995
Burkus JK et al: Hyperextension injuries of the thoracic spine in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76(2):237-43, 1994
Mata S et al: Chest radiographs as a screening test for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. J Rheumatol. 20(11):1905-10, 1993
Ramos-Remus C et al: Radiologic features of DISH may mimic ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 11(6):603-8, 1993
Schlapbach P et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) of the spine: a cause of back pain? A controlled study. Br J Rheumatol. 28(4):299-303, 1989
Resnick D et al: Association of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and calcification and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 131(6):1049-53, 1978
Resnick D et al: Radiographic and pathologic features of spinal involvement in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Radiology. 119(3):559-68, 1976
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