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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
Synonyms
- Forestier disease, senile ankylosing hyperostosis, asymmetrical skeletal hyperostosis
- Spondylosis hyperostotica, spondylitis ossificans ligamentosa
Definitions
- Flowing coarse osteophytes bridging 4 adjacent vertebral bodies without severe loss of intervertebral disc height and without degeneration of apophyseal and sacroiliac (SI) joints
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Kuperus JS et al: Criteria for early-phase diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: development and validation. Radiology. 291(2):420-6, 2019
- Murakami Y et al: Association between vertebral fracture and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 44(18):E1068-74, 2019
- O'Neill KR et al: Risk factors for postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma after anterior cervical spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(4):E246-52, 2014
- Westerveld LA et al: Clinical outcome after traumatic spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders compared with control patients. Spine J. 14(5):729-40, 2014
- Mader R et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 9(12):741-50, 2013
- Mazières B: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier-Rotes-Querol disease): what's new? Joint Bone Spine. 80(5):466-70, 2013
- Taljanovic MS et al: Imaging characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with an emphasis on acute spinal fractures: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3 Suppl):S10-9, 2009
- Urrutia J et al: Long-term results of surgical treatment of dysphagia secondary to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Spine J. 9(9):e13-7, 2009
- Whang PG et al: The management of spinal injuries in patients with ankylosing spondylitis or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a comparison of treatment methods and clinical outcomes. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(2):77-85, 2009
- Mader R: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a distinct clinical entity. Isr Med Assoc J. 5(7):506-8, 2003
- Belanger TA et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: musculoskeletal manifestations. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 9(4):258-67, 2001
- Le Hir PX et al: Hyperextension vertebral body fractures in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a cause of intravertebral fluidlike collections on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(6):1679-83, 1999
- Papakostas K et al: An unusual case of stridor due to osteophytes of the cervical spine: (Forestier's disease). J Laryngol Otol. 113(1):65-7, 1999
- Cammisa M et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Eur J Radiol. 27 Suppl 1:S7-11, 1998
- Ehara S et al: Paravertebral ligamentous ossification: DISH, OPLL and OLF. Eur J Radiol. 27(3):196-205, 1998
- Mata S et al: A controlled study of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Clinical features and functional status. Medicine (Baltimore). 76(2):104-17, 1997
- Weinfeld RM et al: The prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in two large American Midwest metropolitan hospital populations. Skeletal Radiol. 26(4):222-5, 1997
- Van Dooren-Greebe RJ et al: Prolonged treatment with oral retinoids in adults: no influence on the frequency and severity of spinal abnormalities. Br J Dermatol. 134(1):71-6, 1996
- McCafferty RR et al: Ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament and Forestier's disease: an analysis of seven cases. J Neurosurg. 83(1):13-7, 1995
- Nesher G et al: Rheumatologic complications of vitamin A and retinoids. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 24(4):291-6, 1995
- Burkus JK et al: Hyperextension injuries of the thoracic spine in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76(2):237-43, 1994
- Mata S et al: Chest radiographs as a screening test for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. J Rheumatol. 20(11):1905-10, 1993
- Ramos-Remus C et al: Radiologic features of DISH may mimic ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 11(6):603-8, 1993
- Schlapbach P et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) of the spine: a cause of back pain? A controlled study. Br J Rheumatol. 28(4):299-303, 1989
- Resnick D et al: Association of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and calcification and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 131(6):1049-53, 1978
- Resnick D et al: Radiographic and pathologic features of spinal involvement in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Radiology. 119(3):559-68, 1976
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
Synonyms
- Forestier disease, senile ankylosing hyperostosis, asymmetrical skeletal hyperostosis
- Spondylosis hyperostotica, spondylitis ossificans ligamentosa
Definitions
- Flowing coarse osteophytes bridging 4 adjacent vertebral bodies without severe loss of intervertebral disc height and without degeneration of apophyseal and sacroiliac (SI) joints
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Kuperus JS et al: Criteria for early-phase diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: development and validation. Radiology. 291(2):420-6, 2019
- Murakami Y et al: Association between vertebral fracture and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 44(18):E1068-74, 2019
- O'Neill KR et al: Risk factors for postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma after anterior cervical spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 39(4):E246-52, 2014
- Westerveld LA et al: Clinical outcome after traumatic spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders compared with control patients. Spine J. 14(5):729-40, 2014
- Mader R et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 9(12):741-50, 2013
- Mazières B: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier-Rotes-Querol disease): what's new? Joint Bone Spine. 80(5):466-70, 2013
- Taljanovic MS et al: Imaging characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with an emphasis on acute spinal fractures: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3 Suppl):S10-9, 2009
- Urrutia J et al: Long-term results of surgical treatment of dysphagia secondary to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Spine J. 9(9):e13-7, 2009
- Whang PG et al: The management of spinal injuries in patients with ankylosing spondylitis or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a comparison of treatment methods and clinical outcomes. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(2):77-85, 2009
- Mader R: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a distinct clinical entity. Isr Med Assoc J. 5(7):506-8, 2003
- Belanger TA et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: musculoskeletal manifestations. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 9(4):258-67, 2001
- Le Hir PX et al: Hyperextension vertebral body fractures in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a cause of intravertebral fluidlike collections on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(6):1679-83, 1999
- Papakostas K et al: An unusual case of stridor due to osteophytes of the cervical spine: (Forestier's disease). J Laryngol Otol. 113(1):65-7, 1999
- Cammisa M et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Eur J Radiol. 27 Suppl 1:S7-11, 1998
- Ehara S et al: Paravertebral ligamentous ossification: DISH, OPLL and OLF. Eur J Radiol. 27(3):196-205, 1998
- Mata S et al: A controlled study of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Clinical features and functional status. Medicine (Baltimore). 76(2):104-17, 1997
- Weinfeld RM et al: The prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in two large American Midwest metropolitan hospital populations. Skeletal Radiol. 26(4):222-5, 1997
- Van Dooren-Greebe RJ et al: Prolonged treatment with oral retinoids in adults: no influence on the frequency and severity of spinal abnormalities. Br J Dermatol. 134(1):71-6, 1996
- McCafferty RR et al: Ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament and Forestier's disease: an analysis of seven cases. J Neurosurg. 83(1):13-7, 1995
- Nesher G et al: Rheumatologic complications of vitamin A and retinoids. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 24(4):291-6, 1995
- Burkus JK et al: Hyperextension injuries of the thoracic spine in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76(2):237-43, 1994
- Mata S et al: Chest radiographs as a screening test for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. J Rheumatol. 20(11):1905-10, 1993
- Ramos-Remus C et al: Radiologic features of DISH may mimic ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 11(6):603-8, 1993
- Schlapbach P et al: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) of the spine: a cause of back pain? A controlled study. Br J Rheumatol. 28(4):299-303, 1989
- Resnick D et al: Association of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and calcification and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 131(6):1049-53, 1978
- Resnick D et al: Radiographic and pathologic features of spinal involvement in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Radiology. 119(3):559-68, 1976
