Rare conditions in which external genitals are not clearly either male or female, or do not match chromosomal sex or internal genital organs
IMAGING
General Features
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
Other Modality Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kosti K et al: Long-term consequences of androgen insensitivity syndrome. Maturitas. 127:51-4, 2019
Iezzi ML et al: Clitoromegaly in childhood and adolescence: behind one clinical sign, a clinical sea. Sex Dev. 12(4):163-74, 2018
Nakhal RS et al: Evaluation of retained testes in adolescent girls and women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Radiology. 268(1):153-60, 2013
Nezzo M et al: Role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome in adults. Case Rep Radiol. 2013:158484, 2013
Mansour SM et al: Does MRI add to ultrasound in the assessment of disorders of sex development? Eur J Radiol. 81(9):2403-10, 2012
Moshiri M et al: Evaluation and management of disorders of sex development: multidisciplinary approach to a complex diagnosis. Radiographics. 32(6):1599-618, 2012
Chavhan GB et al: Imaging of ambiguous genitalia: classification and diagnostic approach. Radiographics. 28(7):1891-904, 2008
Hughes IA et al: Consequences of the ESPE/LWPES guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of disorders of sex development. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 21(3):351-65, 2007
Nabhan ZM et al: Disorders of sex development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 19(5):440-5, 2007
Hughes IA et al: Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders. Arch Dis Child. 91(7):554-63, 2006
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Disorders of sexual development (DSD)
Synonyms
Ambiguous genitalia
Definitions
Rare conditions in which external genitals are not clearly either male or female, or do not match chromosomal sex or internal genital organs
IMAGING
General Features
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
Other Modality Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kosti K et al: Long-term consequences of androgen insensitivity syndrome. Maturitas. 127:51-4, 2019
Iezzi ML et al: Clitoromegaly in childhood and adolescence: behind one clinical sign, a clinical sea. Sex Dev. 12(4):163-74, 2018
Nakhal RS et al: Evaluation of retained testes in adolescent girls and women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome. Radiology. 268(1):153-60, 2013
Nezzo M et al: Role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome in adults. Case Rep Radiol. 2013:158484, 2013
Mansour SM et al: Does MRI add to ultrasound in the assessment of disorders of sex development? Eur J Radiol. 81(9):2403-10, 2012
Moshiri M et al: Evaluation and management of disorders of sex development: multidisciplinary approach to a complex diagnosis. Radiographics. 32(6):1599-618, 2012
Chavhan GB et al: Imaging of ambiguous genitalia: classification and diagnostic approach. Radiographics. 28(7):1891-904, 2008
Hughes IA et al: Consequences of the ESPE/LWPES guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of disorders of sex development. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 21(3):351-65, 2007
Nabhan ZM et al: Disorders of sex development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 19(5):440-5, 2007
Hughes IA et al: Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders. Arch Dis Child. 91(7):554-63, 2006
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