Midline/paramedian stratified squamous epithelial-lined sinus tract extending inward from skin surface for variable distance
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Lee JY et al: Congenital dermal sinus and limited dorsal myeloschisis: "spectrum disorders" of incomplete dysjuction between cutaneous and neural ectoderms. Neurosurgery. 84(2):428-34, 2019
Prasad GL et al: Spinal intramedullary abscess secondary to dermal sinus in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 29(3):229-38, 2019
Lee SM et al: Limited dorsal myeloschisis and congenital dermal sinus: comparison of clinical and MR imaging features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 38(1):176-82, 2017
Vankipuram S et al: Spinal cord abscess secondary to infected dorsal dermal sinus in an infant: uncommon presentation of a known entity. BMJ Case Rep. 2017, 2017
Singh I et al: Spinal dorsal dermal sinus tract: an experience of 21 cases. Surg Neurol Int. 6(Suppl 17):S429-34, 2015
Mishra SS et al: Thoracic congenital dermal sinus associated with intramedullary spinal dermoid cyst. J Pediatr Neurosci. 9(1):30-2, 2014
Sahoo RK et al: Congenital dermal sinus in mid-dorsal spine with large intramedullary dermoid cyst in an 18-months-old child. J Pediatr Neurosci. 8(3):201-3, 2013
Fallah A et al: Congenital dermal sinus and cyst in adulthood. Can J Neurol Sci. 36(1):114-6, 2009
Lee CS et al: Spinal congenital dermal sinus with dual ostia. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 3(5):407-11, 2009
Ranjan R et al: Cervical intradural extramedullary ependymal cyst associated with congenital dermal sinus: a case report. Childs Nerv Syst. 25(9):1121-4, 2009
Singh DK et al: The human tail: rare lesion with occult spinal dysraphism--a case report. J Pediatr Surg. 43(9):e41-3, 2008
Guggisberg D et al: Skin markers of occult spinal dysraphism in children: a review of 54 cases. Arch Dermatol. 2004 Sep;140(9):1109-15. Review. Erratum in: Arch Dermatol. 141(4):425, 2005
Tubbs RS et al: Isolated flat capillary midline lumbosacral hemangiomas as indicators of occult spinal dysraphism. J Neurosurg. 100(2):86-9, 2004
Pacheco-Jacome E et al: Occult spinal dysraphism: evidence-based diagnosis and treatment. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 13(2):327-34, xii, 2003
Ackerman LL et al: Cervical and thoracic dermal sinus tracts. A case series and review of the literature. Pediatr Neurosurg. 37(3):137-47, 2002
Aydin K et al: Thoracocervical dorsal dermal sinus associated with multiple vertebral body anomalies. Neuroradiology. 43(12):1084-6, 2001
Lee JK et al: Cervical dermal sinus associated with dermoid cyst. Childs Nerv Syst. 17(8):491-3, 2001
Shen WC et al: Dermal sinus with dermoid cyst in the upper cervical spine: case note. Neuroradiology. 42(1):51-3, 2000
Unsinn KM et al: US of the spinal cord in newborns: spectrum of normal findings, variants, congenital anomalies, and acquired diseases. Radiographics. 20(4):923-38, 2000
Chen CY et al: Dermoid cyst with dermal sinus tract complicated with spinal subdural abscess. Pediatr Neurol. 20(2):157-60, 1999
Gibson PJ et al: Lumbosacral skin markers and identification of occult spinal dysraphism in neonates. Acta Paediatr. 84(2):208-9, 1995
Kanev PM et al: Dermoids and dermal sinus tracts of the spine. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 6(2):359-66, 1995
Avrahami E et al: Spina bifida occulta of S1 is not an innocent finding. Spine. 19(1):12-5, 1994
Herman TE et al: Intergluteal dorsal dermal sinuses. The role of neonatal spinal sonography. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 32(10):627-8, 1993
Barkovich AJ et al: MR evaluation of spinal dermal sinus tracts in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(1):123-9, 1991
Haworth JC et al: Congenital dermal sinuses in children; their relation to pilonidal sinuses. Lancet. 269(6879):10-4, 1955
Related Anatomy
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
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Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Dermal sinus tract (DST)
Definitions
Midline/paramedian stratified squamous epithelial-lined sinus tract extending inward from skin surface for variable distance
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Lee JY et al: Congenital dermal sinus and limited dorsal myeloschisis: "spectrum disorders" of incomplete dysjuction between cutaneous and neural ectoderms. Neurosurgery. 84(2):428-34, 2019
Prasad GL et al: Spinal intramedullary abscess secondary to dermal sinus in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 29(3):229-38, 2019
Lee SM et al: Limited dorsal myeloschisis and congenital dermal sinus: comparison of clinical and MR imaging features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 38(1):176-82, 2017
Vankipuram S et al: Spinal cord abscess secondary to infected dorsal dermal sinus in an infant: uncommon presentation of a known entity. BMJ Case Rep. 2017, 2017
Singh I et al: Spinal dorsal dermal sinus tract: an experience of 21 cases. Surg Neurol Int. 6(Suppl 17):S429-34, 2015
Mishra SS et al: Thoracic congenital dermal sinus associated with intramedullary spinal dermoid cyst. J Pediatr Neurosci. 9(1):30-2, 2014
Sahoo RK et al: Congenital dermal sinus in mid-dorsal spine with large intramedullary dermoid cyst in an 18-months-old child. J Pediatr Neurosci. 8(3):201-3, 2013
Fallah A et al: Congenital dermal sinus and cyst in adulthood. Can J Neurol Sci. 36(1):114-6, 2009
Lee CS et al: Spinal congenital dermal sinus with dual ostia. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 3(5):407-11, 2009
Ranjan R et al: Cervical intradural extramedullary ependymal cyst associated with congenital dermal sinus: a case report. Childs Nerv Syst. 25(9):1121-4, 2009
Singh DK et al: The human tail: rare lesion with occult spinal dysraphism--a case report. J Pediatr Surg. 43(9):e41-3, 2008
Guggisberg D et al: Skin markers of occult spinal dysraphism in children: a review of 54 cases. Arch Dermatol. 2004 Sep;140(9):1109-15. Review. Erratum in: Arch Dermatol. 141(4):425, 2005
Tubbs RS et al: Isolated flat capillary midline lumbosacral hemangiomas as indicators of occult spinal dysraphism. J Neurosurg. 100(2):86-9, 2004
Pacheco-Jacome E et al: Occult spinal dysraphism: evidence-based diagnosis and treatment. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 13(2):327-34, xii, 2003
Ackerman LL et al: Cervical and thoracic dermal sinus tracts. A case series and review of the literature. Pediatr Neurosurg. 37(3):137-47, 2002
Aydin K et al: Thoracocervical dorsal dermal sinus associated with multiple vertebral body anomalies. Neuroradiology. 43(12):1084-6, 2001
Lee JK et al: Cervical dermal sinus associated with dermoid cyst. Childs Nerv Syst. 17(8):491-3, 2001
Shen WC et al: Dermal sinus with dermoid cyst in the upper cervical spine: case note. Neuroradiology. 42(1):51-3, 2000
Unsinn KM et al: US of the spinal cord in newborns: spectrum of normal findings, variants, congenital anomalies, and acquired diseases. Radiographics. 20(4):923-38, 2000
Chen CY et al: Dermoid cyst with dermal sinus tract complicated with spinal subdural abscess. Pediatr Neurol. 20(2):157-60, 1999
Gibson PJ et al: Lumbosacral skin markers and identification of occult spinal dysraphism in neonates. Acta Paediatr. 84(2):208-9, 1995
Kanev PM et al: Dermoids and dermal sinus tracts of the spine. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 6(2):359-66, 1995
Avrahami E et al: Spina bifida occulta of S1 is not an innocent finding. Spine. 19(1):12-5, 1994
Herman TE et al: Intergluteal dorsal dermal sinuses. The role of neonatal spinal sonography. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 32(10):627-8, 1993
Barkovich AJ et al: MR evaluation of spinal dermal sinus tracts in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(1):123-9, 1991
Haworth JC et al: Congenital dermal sinuses in children; their relation to pilonidal sinuses. Lancet. 269(6879):10-4, 1955
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