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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Biliary sludge, tumefactive sludge, biliary sand, microlithiasis
Definitions
- Presence of particulate material (calcium bilirubinate/phosphate or carbonate crystals with cholesterol monohydrate crystals) in bile
- Larger particles (1-3 mm) are microliths, which may become nidus for gallstones
- Presence of particulate material (calcium bilirubinate/phosphate or carbonate crystals with cholesterol monohydrate crystals) in bile
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Knab LM et al: Cholecystitis. Surg Clin North Am. 94(2):455-70, 2014
- O'Connell K et al: Bile metabolism and lithogenesis. Surg Clin North Am. 94(2):361-75, 2014
- Gore RM et al: Gallbladder imaging. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 39(2):265-87, ix, 2010
- Stinton LM et al: Epidemiology of gallstones. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 39(2):157-69, vii, 2010
- Venneman NG et al: Pathogenesis of gallstones. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 39(2):171-83, vii, 2010
- Smith EA et al: Cross-sectional imaging of acute and chronic gallbladder inflammatory disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):188-96, 2009
- Pandya R et al: Hemorrhagic cholecystitis as a complication of anticoagulant therapy: role of CT in its diagnosis. Abdom Imaging. 33(6):652-3, 2008
- Jüngst C et al: Gallstone disease: Microlithiasis and sludge. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 20(6):1053-62, 2006
- Choi D et al: Sonographic findings of active Clonorchis sinensis infection. J Clin Ultrasound. 32(1):17-23, 2004
- Gremmels JM et al: Hemorrhagic cholecystitis simulating gallbladder carcinoma. J Ultrasound Med. 23(7):993-5, 2004
- Green MH et al: Haemobilia. Br J Surg. 88(6):773-86, 2001
- Nishiwaki M et al: Posttraumatic intra-gallbladder hemorrhage in a patient with liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol. 34(2):282-5, 1999
- Schulman A: Ultrasound appearances of intra- and extrahepatic biliary ascariasis. Abdom Imaging. 23(1):60-6, 1998
- Barton P et al: Biliary sludge after liver transplantation: 1. Imaging findings and efficacy of various imaging procedures. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):859-64, 1995
- Khuroo MS et al: Sonographic findings in gallbladder ascariasis. J Clin Ultrasound. 20(9):587-91, 1992
- Zargar SA et al: Intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst: sonographic and cholangiographic appearances. Gastrointest Radiol. 17(1):41-5, 1992
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Biliary sludge, tumefactive sludge, biliary sand, microlithiasis
Definitions
- Presence of particulate material (calcium bilirubinate/phosphate or carbonate crystals with cholesterol monohydrate crystals) in bile
- Larger particles (1-3 mm) are microliths, which may become nidus for gallstones
- Presence of particulate material (calcium bilirubinate/phosphate or carbonate crystals with cholesterol monohydrate crystals) in bile
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Knab LM et al: Cholecystitis. Surg Clin North Am. 94(2):455-70, 2014
- O'Connell K et al: Bile metabolism and lithogenesis. Surg Clin North Am. 94(2):361-75, 2014
- Gore RM et al: Gallbladder imaging. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 39(2):265-87, ix, 2010
- Stinton LM et al: Epidemiology of gallstones. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 39(2):157-69, vii, 2010
- Venneman NG et al: Pathogenesis of gallstones. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 39(2):171-83, vii, 2010
- Smith EA et al: Cross-sectional imaging of acute and chronic gallbladder inflammatory disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):188-96, 2009
- Pandya R et al: Hemorrhagic cholecystitis as a complication of anticoagulant therapy: role of CT in its diagnosis. Abdom Imaging. 33(6):652-3, 2008
- Jüngst C et al: Gallstone disease: Microlithiasis and sludge. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 20(6):1053-62, 2006
- Choi D et al: Sonographic findings of active Clonorchis sinensis infection. J Clin Ultrasound. 32(1):17-23, 2004
- Gremmels JM et al: Hemorrhagic cholecystitis simulating gallbladder carcinoma. J Ultrasound Med. 23(7):993-5, 2004
- Green MH et al: Haemobilia. Br J Surg. 88(6):773-86, 2001
- Nishiwaki M et al: Posttraumatic intra-gallbladder hemorrhage in a patient with liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol. 34(2):282-5, 1999
- Schulman A: Ultrasound appearances of intra- and extrahepatic biliary ascariasis. Abdom Imaging. 23(1):60-6, 1998
- Barton P et al: Biliary sludge after liver transplantation: 1. Imaging findings and efficacy of various imaging procedures. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 164(4):859-64, 1995
- Khuroo MS et al: Sonographic findings in gallbladder ascariasis. J Clin Ultrasound. 20(9):587-91, 1992
- Zargar SA et al: Intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst: sonographic and cholangiographic appearances. Gastrointest Radiol. 17(1):41-5, 1992
