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Pediatrics
Diagnosis
Chest
Neonatal Chest Issues
ECMO Catheters
ECMO Catheters
Michael R. Aquino, MD, MHSc
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Pathology

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Definitions

            • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): Modified pulmonary or cardiopulmonary bypass circuit
            • Deoxygenated blood removed from venous system → oxygenated → returned to circulation via venous system [venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO)] or arterial system [venoarterial ECMO (VA-ECMO)]

          IMAGING

          • Radiographic Findings

            • Ultrasonographic Findings

              • CT Findings

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  PATHOLOGY

                  • Complications

                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                    • Indications for ECMO

                      • Contraindications for ECMO

                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                          Selected References

                          1. Carpenter JL et al: Common carotid artery imaging after vessel sparing decannulation from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. J Pediatr Surg. ePub, 2021
                          2. Douraghi-Zadeh D et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): radiographic appearances, complications and imaging artefacts for radiologists. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. ePub, 2021
                          3. Thompson AF et al: Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a guide for radiologists. Pediatr Radiol. 48(10):1488-502, 2018
                          4. Concepcion NDP et al: Current updates in catheters, tubes and drains in the pediatric chest: a practical evaluation approach. Eur J Radiol. 95:409-17, 2017
                          5. Jenks CL et al: Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care Clin. 33(4):825-41, 2017
                          6. Gehrmann LP et al: Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an introduction for emergency medicine physicians. J Emerg Med. 49(4):552-60, 2015
                          7. Goodwin SJ et al: Chest computed tomography in children undergoing extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation: a 9-year single-centre experience. Pediatr Radiol. 44(6):750-60; quiz 747-9, 2014
                          8. Mesher AL et al: Extracorporeal life support for the neonatal cardiac patient: outcomes and new directions. Semin Perinatol. 38(2):97-103, 2014
                          9. van Heijst AF et al: ECMO in neonates: neuroimaging findings and outcome. Semin Perinatol. 38(2):104-13, 2014
                          10. Maslach-Hubbard A et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pediatric respiratory failure: history, development and current status. World J Crit Care Med. 2(4):29-39, 2013
                          11. Dalton HJ et al: Extracorporeal life support: an update of Rogers' Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 13(4):461-71, 2012
                          12. Barnacle AM et al: The role of imaging during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric respiratory failure. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(1):58-66, 2006
                          13. Lidegran M et al: CT in the evaluation of patients on ECMO due to acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Radiol. 32(8):567-74, 2002
                          14. Kim ES et al: ECMO in the newborn. Am J Perinatol. 17(7):345-56, 2000
                          Related Anatomy
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                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                          References
                          Tables

                          Tables

                          KEY FACTS

                          • Terminology

                            • Imaging

                              • Pathology

                                • Clinical Issues

                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                  • Definitions

                                    • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): Modified pulmonary or cardiopulmonary bypass circuit
                                    • Deoxygenated blood removed from venous system → oxygenated → returned to circulation via venous system [venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO)] or arterial system [venoarterial ECMO (VA-ECMO)]

                                  IMAGING

                                  • Radiographic Findings

                                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                      • CT Findings

                                        • Imaging Recommendations

                                          PATHOLOGY

                                          • Complications

                                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                                            • Indications for ECMO

                                              • Contraindications for ECMO

                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                  Selected References

                                                  1. Carpenter JL et al: Common carotid artery imaging after vessel sparing decannulation from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. J Pediatr Surg. ePub, 2021
                                                  2. Douraghi-Zadeh D et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): radiographic appearances, complications and imaging artefacts for radiologists. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. ePub, 2021
                                                  3. Thompson AF et al: Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a guide for radiologists. Pediatr Radiol. 48(10):1488-502, 2018
                                                  4. Concepcion NDP et al: Current updates in catheters, tubes and drains in the pediatric chest: a practical evaluation approach. Eur J Radiol. 95:409-17, 2017
                                                  5. Jenks CL et al: Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care Clin. 33(4):825-41, 2017
                                                  6. Gehrmann LP et al: Pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an introduction for emergency medicine physicians. J Emerg Med. 49(4):552-60, 2015
                                                  7. Goodwin SJ et al: Chest computed tomography in children undergoing extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation: a 9-year single-centre experience. Pediatr Radiol. 44(6):750-60; quiz 747-9, 2014
                                                  8. Mesher AL et al: Extracorporeal life support for the neonatal cardiac patient: outcomes and new directions. Semin Perinatol. 38(2):97-103, 2014
                                                  9. van Heijst AF et al: ECMO in neonates: neuroimaging findings and outcome. Semin Perinatol. 38(2):104-13, 2014
                                                  10. Maslach-Hubbard A et al: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pediatric respiratory failure: history, development and current status. World J Crit Care Med. 2(4):29-39, 2013
                                                  11. Dalton HJ et al: Extracorporeal life support: an update of Rogers' Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 13(4):461-71, 2012
                                                  12. Barnacle AM et al: The role of imaging during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric respiratory failure. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(1):58-66, 2006
                                                  13. Lidegran M et al: CT in the evaluation of patients on ECMO due to acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Radiol. 32(8):567-74, 2002
                                                  14. Kim ES et al: ECMO in the newborn. Am J Perinatol. 17(7):345-56, 2000