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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Undescended testis (UDT), cryptorchidism
Definitions
- UDT: Along normal route of descent but outside scrotum
- Ectopic testis: Outside normal pathway of descent
- Testicular retraction: Physiologic, reducible retraction of testis out of scrotum due to hyperactive cremasteric reflex
- Ascending testis: Nonphysiologic, nonreducible retraction of testis out of scrotum (acquired UDT)
- Absent testis: No testicular tissue; usually due to in utero insult; surgical diagnosis
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Points to Consider
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Zhou G et al: Clinical characteristics, ultrasonographic findings, and treatment of pediatric transverse testicular ectopia: a 10-year retrospective review. Urology. 154:249-54, 2021
- Abdullayev T et al: Transverse testicular ectopia: a case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 65:361-4, 2019
- Punwani VV et al: Testicular ectopia: why does it happen and what do we do? J Pediatr Surg. 52(11):1842-7, 2017
- Telli O et al: Transverse testicular ectopia: a rare presentation with persistent müllerian duct syndrome. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 6(3):180-2, 2014
- Vos A et al: The value of ultrasonography in boys with a non-palpable testis. J Pediatr Surg. 49(7):1153-5, 2014
- Abacı A et al: Epidemiology, classification and management of undescended testes: does medication have value in its treatment? J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 5(2):65-72, 2013
- Ramareddy RS et al: Ectopic testis in children: experience with seven cases. J Pediatr Surg. 48(3):538-41, 2013
- Tasian GE et al: Diagnostic imaging in cryptorchidism: utility, indications, and effectiveness. J Pediatr Surg. 46(12):2406-13, 2011
- Ritzén EM et al: Management of undescended testes: how and when? Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 7(1):32-7, 2009
- Ritzén EM: Undescended testes: a consensus on management. Eur J Endocrinol. 159 Suppl 1:S87-90, 2008
- Thambidorai CR et al: Transverse testicular ectopia: correlation of embryology with laparoscopic findings. Pediatr Surg Int. 24(3):371-4, 2008
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Undescended testis (UDT), cryptorchidism
Definitions
- UDT: Along normal route of descent but outside scrotum
- Ectopic testis: Outside normal pathway of descent
- Testicular retraction: Physiologic, reducible retraction of testis out of scrotum due to hyperactive cremasteric reflex
- Ascending testis: Nonphysiologic, nonreducible retraction of testis out of scrotum (acquired UDT)
- Absent testis: No testicular tissue; usually due to in utero insult; surgical diagnosis
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Points to Consider
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Zhou G et al: Clinical characteristics, ultrasonographic findings, and treatment of pediatric transverse testicular ectopia: a 10-year retrospective review. Urology. 154:249-54, 2021
- Abdullayev T et al: Transverse testicular ectopia: a case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 65:361-4, 2019
- Punwani VV et al: Testicular ectopia: why does it happen and what do we do? J Pediatr Surg. 52(11):1842-7, 2017
- Telli O et al: Transverse testicular ectopia: a rare presentation with persistent müllerian duct syndrome. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 6(3):180-2, 2014
- Vos A et al: The value of ultrasonography in boys with a non-palpable testis. J Pediatr Surg. 49(7):1153-5, 2014
- Abacı A et al: Epidemiology, classification and management of undescended testes: does medication have value in its treatment? J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 5(2):65-72, 2013
- Ramareddy RS et al: Ectopic testis in children: experience with seven cases. J Pediatr Surg. 48(3):538-41, 2013
- Tasian GE et al: Diagnostic imaging in cryptorchidism: utility, indications, and effectiveness. J Pediatr Surg. 46(12):2406-13, 2011
- Ritzén EM et al: Management of undescended testes: how and when? Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 7(1):32-7, 2009
- Ritzén EM: Undescended testes: a consensus on management. Eur J Endocrinol. 159 Suppl 1:S87-90, 2008
- Thambidorai CR et al: Transverse testicular ectopia: correlation of embryology with laparoscopic findings. Pediatr Surg Int. 24(3):371-4, 2008
