Benign hyaline cartilage tumor originating in bone
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Deckers C et al: Midterm MRI follow-up of untreated enchondroma and atypical cartilaginous tumors in the long bones. Cancers (Basel). 13(16), 2021
Haygood TM et al: Chondroid tumors of bone. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 42(2):123-33, 2021
Bovée JVMG et al: Enchondroma. In Fletcher CDM et al: World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC Press. 353-5, 2020
Annovazzi A et al: 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of cartilaginous bone neoplasms: the added value of tumor grading. Ann Nucl Med. 33(11):813-21, 2019
Sensarma A et al: Regression of an enchondroma: a case report and proposed etiology. Skeletal Radiol. 44(5):739-42, 2015
Herget GW et al: Insights into enchondroma, enchondromatosis and the risk of secondary chondrosarcoma. Review of the literature with an emphasis on the clinical behaviour, radiology, malignant transformation and the follow up. Neoplasma. 61(4):365-78, 2014
Choi BB et al: MR differentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma from enchondroma. Clin Imaging. 37(3):542-7, 2013
De Coninck T et al: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiation between enchondroma and chondrosarcoma. Eur Radiol. 23(11):3140-52, 2013
Landman AS et al: Loss of pRB and p107 disrupts cartilage development and promotes enchondroma formation. Oncogene. 32(40):4798-805, 2013
Logie CI et al: Chondrosarcoma: a diagnostic imager's guide to decision making and patient management. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 17(2):101-15, 2013
Bierry G et al: Enchondromas in children: imaging appearance with pathological correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 41(10):1223-9, 2012
Douis H et al: Can MR imaging challenge the commonly accepted theory of the pathogenesis of solitary enchondroma of long bone? Skeletal Radiol. 41(12):1537-42, 2012
Douis H et al: The imaging of cartilaginous bone tumours. I. Benign lesions. Skeletal Radiol. 41(10):1195-212, 2012
Ferrer-Santacreu EM et al: Enchondroma versus low-grade chondrosarcoma in appendicular skeleton: clinical and radiological criteria. J Oncol. 2012:437958, 2012
Hong ED et al: Prevalence of shoulder enchondromas on routine MR imaging. Clin Imaging. 35(5):378-84, 2011
Parlier-Cuau C et al: When should we biopsy a solitary central cartilaginous tumor of long bones? Literature review and management proposal. Eur J Radiol. 77(1):6-12, 2011
Bui KL et al: Cortical scalloping and cortical penetration by small eccentric chondroid lesions in the long tubular bones: not a sign of malignancy? Skeletal Radiol. 38(8):791-6, 2009
An YY et al: Enchondroma protuberans of the hand. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(1):40-4, 2008
Walden MJ et al: Incidental enchondromas of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(6):1611-5, 2008
Potter BK et al: Solitary epiphyseal enchondromas. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 87(7):1551-60, 2005
Geirnaerdt MJ et al: Cartilaginous tumors: fast contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 214(2):539-46, 2000
Murphey MD et al: Enchondroma versus chondrosarcoma in the appendicular skeleton: differentiating features. Radiographics. 18(5):1213-37; quiz 1244-5, 1998
Geirnaerdt MJ et al: Usefulness of radiography in differentiating enchondroma from central grade 1 chondrosarcoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(4):1097-104, 1997
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Solitary enchondroma (EC), central chondroma
Definitions
Benign hyaline cartilage tumor originating in bone
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Deckers C et al: Midterm MRI follow-up of untreated enchondroma and atypical cartilaginous tumors in the long bones. Cancers (Basel). 13(16), 2021
Haygood TM et al: Chondroid tumors of bone. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 42(2):123-33, 2021
Bovée JVMG et al: Enchondroma. In Fletcher CDM et al: World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC Press. 353-5, 2020
Annovazzi A et al: 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of cartilaginous bone neoplasms: the added value of tumor grading. Ann Nucl Med. 33(11):813-21, 2019
Sensarma A et al: Regression of an enchondroma: a case report and proposed etiology. Skeletal Radiol. 44(5):739-42, 2015
Herget GW et al: Insights into enchondroma, enchondromatosis and the risk of secondary chondrosarcoma. Review of the literature with an emphasis on the clinical behaviour, radiology, malignant transformation and the follow up. Neoplasma. 61(4):365-78, 2014
Choi BB et al: MR differentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma from enchondroma. Clin Imaging. 37(3):542-7, 2013
De Coninck T et al: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiation between enchondroma and chondrosarcoma. Eur Radiol. 23(11):3140-52, 2013
Landman AS et al: Loss of pRB and p107 disrupts cartilage development and promotes enchondroma formation. Oncogene. 32(40):4798-805, 2013
Logie CI et al: Chondrosarcoma: a diagnostic imager's guide to decision making and patient management. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 17(2):101-15, 2013
Bierry G et al: Enchondromas in children: imaging appearance with pathological correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 41(10):1223-9, 2012
Douis H et al: Can MR imaging challenge the commonly accepted theory of the pathogenesis of solitary enchondroma of long bone? Skeletal Radiol. 41(12):1537-42, 2012
Douis H et al: The imaging of cartilaginous bone tumours. I. Benign lesions. Skeletal Radiol. 41(10):1195-212, 2012
Ferrer-Santacreu EM et al: Enchondroma versus low-grade chondrosarcoma in appendicular skeleton: clinical and radiological criteria. J Oncol. 2012:437958, 2012
Hong ED et al: Prevalence of shoulder enchondromas on routine MR imaging. Clin Imaging. 35(5):378-84, 2011
Parlier-Cuau C et al: When should we biopsy a solitary central cartilaginous tumor of long bones? Literature review and management proposal. Eur J Radiol. 77(1):6-12, 2011
Bui KL et al: Cortical scalloping and cortical penetration by small eccentric chondroid lesions in the long tubular bones: not a sign of malignancy? Skeletal Radiol. 38(8):791-6, 2009
An YY et al: Enchondroma protuberans of the hand. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(1):40-4, 2008
Walden MJ et al: Incidental enchondromas of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(6):1611-5, 2008
Potter BK et al: Solitary epiphyseal enchondromas. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 87(7):1551-60, 2005
Geirnaerdt MJ et al: Cartilaginous tumors: fast contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 214(2):539-46, 2000
Murphey MD et al: Enchondroma versus chondrosarcoma in the appendicular skeleton: differentiating features. Radiographics. 18(5):1213-37; quiz 1244-5, 1998
Geirnaerdt MJ et al: Usefulness of radiography in differentiating enchondroma from central grade 1 chondrosarcoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(4):1097-104, 1997
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