Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Endometriotic cyst
- "Chocolate" cyst
Definitions
- Cystic ovarian mass resulting from repeated hemorrhage of endometrial tissue implants in response to hormonal stimulation
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Hindman N et al: Imaging spectrum of endometriosis (endometriomas to deep infiltrative endometriosis). Radiol Clin North Am. 58(2):275-89, 2020
- Moro F et al: Ultrasound imaging in endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 46(4):643-59, 2019
- Exacoustos C et al: Isolated ovarian endometrioma: a history between myth and reality. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 25(5):884-91, 2018
- Van den Bosch T et al: Ultrasound diagnosis of endometriosis and adenomyosis: state of the art. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 51:16-24, 2018
- Corwin MT et al: Differentiation of ovarian endometriomas from hemorrhagic cysts at MR imaging: utility of the T2 dark spot sign. Radiology. 271(1):126-32, 2014
- Chaudhry S et al: Detection and differential diagnosis of suspected malignant transformation of an endometrioma during pregnancy. BMJ Case Rep. 2013:bcr2012007744, 2013
- Khashper A et al: T2-hypointense adnexal lesions: an imaging algorithm. Radiographics. 32(4):1047-64, 2012
- McDermott S et al: MR imaging of malignancies arising in endometriomas and extraovarian endometriosis. Radiographics. 32(3):845-63, 2012
- Siegelman ES et al: MR imaging of endometriosis: ten imaging pearls. Radiographics. 32(6):1675-91, 2012
- Lee YR: CT imaging findings of ruptured ovarian endometriotic cysts: emphasis on the differential diagnosis with ruptured ovarian functional cysts. Korean J Radiol. 12(1):59-65, 2011
- Tsili AC et al: Malignant transformation of an endometriotic cyst: MDCT and MR findings. J Radiol Case Rep. 5(1):9-17, 2011
- Bennett GL et al: Unusual manifestations and complications of endometriosis--spectrum of imaging findings: pictorial review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(6 Suppl):WS34-46, 2010
- Dujardin M et al: Cystic lesions of the female reproductive system: a review. JBR-BTR. 93(2):56-61, 2010
- Tanaka YO et al: MRI of endometriotic cysts in association with ovarian carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(2):355-61, 2010
- Takeuchi M et al: Susceptibility-weighted MRI of endometrioma: preliminary results. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(5):1366-70, 2008
- Asch E et al: Variations in appearance of endometriomas. J Ultrasound Med. 26(8):993-1002, 2007
- Kinkel K et al: Diagnosis of endometriosis with imaging: a review. Eur Radiol. 16(2):285-98, 2006
- Lee SI: Radiological reasoning: imaging characterization of bilateral adnexal masses. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(3 Suppl):S460-6, 2006
- Fruscella E et al: Sonographic features of decidualized ovarian endometriosis suspicious for malignancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 24(5):578-80, 2004
- Wu TT et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of ovarian cancer arising in endometriomas. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 28(6):836-8, 2004
- Sala EJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of benign adnexal disease. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 14(4):305-27, 2003
- Zanardi R et al: Staging of pelvic endometriosis based on MRI findings versus laparoscopic classification according to the American Fertility Society. Abdom Imaging. 28(5):733-42, 2003
- Glastonbury CM: The shading sign. Radiology. 224(1):199-201, 2002
- Modesitt SC et al: Ovarian and extraovarian endometriosis-associated cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 100(4):788-95, 2002
- Alcazar JL: Transvaginal colour Doppler in patients with ovarian endometriomas and pelvic pain. Hum Reprod. 16(12):2672-5, 2001
- Woodward PJ et al: Endometriosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 21(1):193-216; questionnaire 288-94, 2001
- Patel MD et al: Endometriomas: diagnostic performance of US. Radiology. 210(3):739-45, 1999
- Guerriero S et al: Tumor markers and transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrioma. Obstet Gynecol. 88(3):403-7, 1996
- Ha HK et al: Diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis: fat-suppressed T1-weighted vs conventional MR images. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 163(1):127-31, 1994
- Outwater E et al: Characterization of hemorrhagic adnexal lesions with MR imaging: blinded reader study. Radiology. 186(2):489-94, 1993
- Togashi K et al: Endometrial cysts: diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiology. 180(1):73-8, 1991
- Zawin M et al: Endometriosis: appearance and detection at MR imaging. Radiology. 171(3):693-6, 1989
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Endometriotic cyst
- "Chocolate" cyst
Definitions
- Cystic ovarian mass resulting from repeated hemorrhage of endometrial tissue implants in response to hormonal stimulation
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Hindman N et al: Imaging spectrum of endometriosis (endometriomas to deep infiltrative endometriosis). Radiol Clin North Am. 58(2):275-89, 2020
- Moro F et al: Ultrasound imaging in endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 46(4):643-59, 2019
- Exacoustos C et al: Isolated ovarian endometrioma: a history between myth and reality. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 25(5):884-91, 2018
- Van den Bosch T et al: Ultrasound diagnosis of endometriosis and adenomyosis: state of the art. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 51:16-24, 2018
- Corwin MT et al: Differentiation of ovarian endometriomas from hemorrhagic cysts at MR imaging: utility of the T2 dark spot sign. Radiology. 271(1):126-32, 2014
- Chaudhry S et al: Detection and differential diagnosis of suspected malignant transformation of an endometrioma during pregnancy. BMJ Case Rep. 2013:bcr2012007744, 2013
- Khashper A et al: T2-hypointense adnexal lesions: an imaging algorithm. Radiographics. 32(4):1047-64, 2012
- McDermott S et al: MR imaging of malignancies arising in endometriomas and extraovarian endometriosis. Radiographics. 32(3):845-63, 2012
- Siegelman ES et al: MR imaging of endometriosis: ten imaging pearls. Radiographics. 32(6):1675-91, 2012
- Lee YR: CT imaging findings of ruptured ovarian endometriotic cysts: emphasis on the differential diagnosis with ruptured ovarian functional cysts. Korean J Radiol. 12(1):59-65, 2011
- Tsili AC et al: Malignant transformation of an endometriotic cyst: MDCT and MR findings. J Radiol Case Rep. 5(1):9-17, 2011
- Bennett GL et al: Unusual manifestations and complications of endometriosis--spectrum of imaging findings: pictorial review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(6 Suppl):WS34-46, 2010
- Dujardin M et al: Cystic lesions of the female reproductive system: a review. JBR-BTR. 93(2):56-61, 2010
- Tanaka YO et al: MRI of endometriotic cysts in association with ovarian carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(2):355-61, 2010
- Takeuchi M et al: Susceptibility-weighted MRI of endometrioma: preliminary results. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(5):1366-70, 2008
- Asch E et al: Variations in appearance of endometriomas. J Ultrasound Med. 26(8):993-1002, 2007
- Kinkel K et al: Diagnosis of endometriosis with imaging: a review. Eur Radiol. 16(2):285-98, 2006
- Lee SI: Radiological reasoning: imaging characterization of bilateral adnexal masses. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(3 Suppl):S460-6, 2006
- Fruscella E et al: Sonographic features of decidualized ovarian endometriosis suspicious for malignancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 24(5):578-80, 2004
- Wu TT et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of ovarian cancer arising in endometriomas. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 28(6):836-8, 2004
- Sala EJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of benign adnexal disease. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 14(4):305-27, 2003
- Zanardi R et al: Staging of pelvic endometriosis based on MRI findings versus laparoscopic classification according to the American Fertility Society. Abdom Imaging. 28(5):733-42, 2003
- Glastonbury CM: The shading sign. Radiology. 224(1):199-201, 2002
- Modesitt SC et al: Ovarian and extraovarian endometriosis-associated cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 100(4):788-95, 2002
- Alcazar JL: Transvaginal colour Doppler in patients with ovarian endometriomas and pelvic pain. Hum Reprod. 16(12):2672-5, 2001
- Woodward PJ et al: Endometriosis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 21(1):193-216; questionnaire 288-94, 2001
- Patel MD et al: Endometriomas: diagnostic performance of US. Radiology. 210(3):739-45, 1999
- Guerriero S et al: Tumor markers and transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrioma. Obstet Gynecol. 88(3):403-7, 1996
- Ha HK et al: Diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis: fat-suppressed T1-weighted vs conventional MR images. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 163(1):127-31, 1994
- Outwater E et al: Characterization of hemorrhagic adnexal lesions with MR imaging: blinded reader study. Radiology. 186(2):489-94, 1993
- Togashi K et al: Endometrial cysts: diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiology. 180(1):73-8, 1991
- Zawin M et al: Endometriosis: appearance and detection at MR imaging. Radiology. 171(3):693-6, 1989
