Bouvy WH et al: Microbleeds colocalize with enlarged juxtacortical perivascular spaces in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease: A 7 Tesla MRI study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 40(4):739-46, 2020
Du H et al: Association between steno-occlusive middle cerebral artery and basal ganglia perivascular spaces. Front Neurol. 11:293, 2020
Mestre H et al: Cerebrospinal fluid influx drives acute ischemic tissue swelling. Science. 367(6483), 2020
Shen M et al: Association between enlarged perivascular spaces and internal carotid artery stenosis: A study in patients diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 29(4):104635, 2020
Troili F et al: Perivascular unit: This must be the place. The anatomical crossroad between the immune, vascular and nervous system. Front Neuroanat. 14:17, 2020
Smeijer D et al: Enlarged perivascular spaces and dementia: A systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 72(1):247-56, 2019
Al Abdulsalam H et al: Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces: A case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. 112:201-4, 2018
Hilal S et al: Enlarged perivascular spaces and cognition: A meta-analysis of 5 population-based studies. Neurology. 91(9):e832-42, 2018
Niazi M et al: Quantitative MRI of perivascular spaces at 3T for early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(9):1622-8, 2018
Rudie JD et al: Neuroimaging of dilated perivascular spaces: from benign and pathologic causes to mimics. J Neuroimaging. 28(2):139-49, 2018
Saylisoy S et al: Is there a connection between perivascular space and subarachnoid space? J Comput Assist Tomogr. 38(1):33-5, 2014
Salzman KL et al: Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(2):298-305, 2005
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Perivascular spaces (PVSs)
Interstitial fluid (ISF)
Synonyms
Virchow-Robin spaces
Definitions
Pial-lined, ISF-filled structures
Accompany penetrating arteries, draining veins
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Bouvy WH et al: Microbleeds colocalize with enlarged juxtacortical perivascular spaces in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease: A 7 Tesla MRI study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 40(4):739-46, 2020
Du H et al: Association between steno-occlusive middle cerebral artery and basal ganglia perivascular spaces. Front Neurol. 11:293, 2020
Mestre H et al: Cerebrospinal fluid influx drives acute ischemic tissue swelling. Science. 367(6483), 2020
Shen M et al: Association between enlarged perivascular spaces and internal carotid artery stenosis: A study in patients diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 29(4):104635, 2020
Troili F et al: Perivascular unit: This must be the place. The anatomical crossroad between the immune, vascular and nervous system. Front Neuroanat. 14:17, 2020
Smeijer D et al: Enlarged perivascular spaces and dementia: A systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 72(1):247-56, 2019
Al Abdulsalam H et al: Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces: A case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. 112:201-4, 2018
Hilal S et al: Enlarged perivascular spaces and cognition: A meta-analysis of 5 population-based studies. Neurology. 91(9):e832-42, 2018
Niazi M et al: Quantitative MRI of perivascular spaces at 3T for early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(9):1622-8, 2018
Rudie JD et al: Neuroimaging of dilated perivascular spaces: from benign and pathologic causes to mimics. J Neuroimaging. 28(2):139-49, 2018
Saylisoy S et al: Is there a connection between perivascular space and subarachnoid space? J Comput Assist Tomogr. 38(1):33-5, 2014
Salzman KL et al: Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(2):298-305, 2005
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