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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Perivascular space (PVS)
- Virchow-Robin space (VRS)
Definitions
- Channels in subpial space that accompany penetrating arteries into brain
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Francis F et al: Perivascular spaces and their associations with risk factors, clinical disorders and neuroimaging features: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke. 4(4):359-71, 2019
- Hilal S et al: Enlarged perivascular spaces and cognition: a meta-analysis of 5 population-based studies. Neurology. 91(9):e832-42, 2018
- Laveskog A et al: Perivascular spaces in old age: assessment, distribution, and correlation with white matter hyperintensities. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(1):70-6, 2018
- Niazi M et al: Quantitative MRI of perivascular spaces at 3T for early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(9):1622-8, 2018
- Zhang X et al: Brain atrophy correlates with severe enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia among lacunar stroke patients. PLoS One. 11(2):e0149593, 2016
- Potter GM et al: Enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease. Int J Stroke. 10(3):376-81, 2015
- Huijts M et al: Basal ganglia enlarged perivascular spaces are linked to cognitive function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Curr Neurovasc Res. 11(2):136-41, 2014
- Vanderver A et al: Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging pattern in patients with macrocephaly and PTEN mutations. Am J Med Genet A. 164A(3):627-33, 2014
- Yakushiji Y et al: Topography and associations of perivascular spaces in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study. Neurology. 83(23):2116-23, 2014
- Caner B et al: Dilatation of Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces: report of 3 cases with different localizations. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 51(1):11-4, 2008
- Carare RO et al: Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 34(2):131-44, 2008
- Kara S et al: Dilated perivascular spaces: an informative radiologic finding in Sanfilippo syndrome type A. Pediatr Neurol. 38(5):363-6, 2008
- Stephens T et al: Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces. J Neurol Sci. 266(1-2):171-3, 2008
- Kwee RM et al: Virchow-Robin spaces at MR imaging. Radiographics. 27(4):1071-86, 2007
- Groeschel S et al: Virchow-Robin spaces on magnetic resonance images: normative data, their dilatation, and a review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 2006
- Salzman KL et al: Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(2):298-305, 2005
- Papayannis CE et al: Expanding Virchow Robin spaces in the midbrain causing hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(7):1399-403, 2003
- Ozturk MH et al: Comparison of MR signal intensities of cerebral perivascular (Virchow-Robin) and subarachnoid spaces. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 26(6):902-4, 2002
- Song CJ et al: MR imaging and histologic features of subinsular bright spots on T2-weighted MR images: Virchow-Robin spaces of the extreme capsule and insular cortex. Radiology. 214(3):671-7, 2000
- Adachi M et al: Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces: MRI pathological study. Neuroradiology. 40(1):27-31, 1998
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Perivascular space (PVS)
- Virchow-Robin space (VRS)
Definitions
- Channels in subpial space that accompany penetrating arteries into brain
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Francis F et al: Perivascular spaces and their associations with risk factors, clinical disorders and neuroimaging features: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke. 4(4):359-71, 2019
- Hilal S et al: Enlarged perivascular spaces and cognition: a meta-analysis of 5 population-based studies. Neurology. 91(9):e832-42, 2018
- Laveskog A et al: Perivascular spaces in old age: assessment, distribution, and correlation with white matter hyperintensities. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(1):70-6, 2018
- Niazi M et al: Quantitative MRI of perivascular spaces at 3T for early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(9):1622-8, 2018
- Zhang X et al: Brain atrophy correlates with severe enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia among lacunar stroke patients. PLoS One. 11(2):e0149593, 2016
- Potter GM et al: Enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease. Int J Stroke. 10(3):376-81, 2015
- Huijts M et al: Basal ganglia enlarged perivascular spaces are linked to cognitive function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Curr Neurovasc Res. 11(2):136-41, 2014
- Vanderver A et al: Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging pattern in patients with macrocephaly and PTEN mutations. Am J Med Genet A. 164A(3):627-33, 2014
- Yakushiji Y et al: Topography and associations of perivascular spaces in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study. Neurology. 83(23):2116-23, 2014
- Caner B et al: Dilatation of Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces: report of 3 cases with different localizations. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 51(1):11-4, 2008
- Carare RO et al: Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 34(2):131-44, 2008
- Kara S et al: Dilated perivascular spaces: an informative radiologic finding in Sanfilippo syndrome type A. Pediatr Neurol. 38(5):363-6, 2008
- Stephens T et al: Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces. J Neurol Sci. 266(1-2):171-3, 2008
- Kwee RM et al: Virchow-Robin spaces at MR imaging. Radiographics. 27(4):1071-86, 2007
- Groeschel S et al: Virchow-Robin spaces on magnetic resonance images: normative data, their dilatation, and a review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 2006
- Salzman KL et al: Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26(2):298-305, 2005
- Papayannis CE et al: Expanding Virchow Robin spaces in the midbrain causing hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(7):1399-403, 2003
- Ozturk MH et al: Comparison of MR signal intensities of cerebral perivascular (Virchow-Robin) and subarachnoid spaces. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 26(6):902-4, 2002
- Song CJ et al: MR imaging and histologic features of subinsular bright spots on T2-weighted MR images: Virchow-Robin spaces of the extreme capsule and insular cortex. Radiology. 214(3):671-7, 2000
- Adachi M et al: Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces: MRI pathological study. Neuroradiology. 40(1):27-31, 1998
