Babic M et al: Infections of the spine. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 31(2):279-97, 2017
Patel AR et al: Spinal epidural abscesses: risk factors, medical versus surgical management, a retrospective review of 128 cases. Spine J. 14(2):326-30, 2014
Lim HY et al: Chronic spinal subdural abscess mimicking an intradural-extramedullary tumor. Eur Spine J. 22 Suppl 3:S497-500, 2013
Sandler AL et al: Infections of the spinal subdural space in children: a series of 11 contemporary cases and review of all published reports. A multinational collaborative effort. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(1):105-17, 2013
Diehn FE: Imaging of spine infection. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(4):777-98, 2012
Fuentes Ferrer M et al: Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series. Int Orthop. 36(2):221-31, 2012
Huang PY et al: Spinal epidural abscess in adults caused by Staphylococcus aureus: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 114(6):572-6, 2012
Shousha M et al: Surgical treatment of cervical spondylodiscitis: a review of 30 consecutive patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 37(1):E30-6, 2012
González-López JJ et al: Spontaneous epidural abscess: analysis of 15 cases with emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic factors. Eur J Intern Med. 20(5):514-7, 2009
Karikari IO et al: Management of a spontaneous spinal epidural abscess: a single-center 10-year experience. Neurosurgery. 65(5):919-23; discussion 923-4, 2009
Huang RC et al: Cervical epidural abscess after epidural steroid injection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 29(1):E7-9, 2004
Eastwood JD et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging in a patient with vertebral and epidural abscesses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 23(3):496-8, 2002
Varma R et al: Imaging of pyogenic infectious spondylodiskitis. Radiol Clin North Am. 39(2):203-13, 2001
Reihsaus E et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 23(4):175-204; discussion 205, 2000
Ruiz A et al: MR imaging of infections of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):561-80, 2000
Sampath P et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Spinal Disord. 12(2):89-93, 1999
Tung GA et al: Spinal epidural abscess: correlation between MRI findings and outcome. Neuroradiology. 41(12):904-9, 1999
Khanna RK et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation of factors influencing outcome. Neurosurgery. 39(5):958-64, 1996
Numaguchi Y et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiographics. 13(3):545-59; discussion 559-60, 1993
Nussbaum ES et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review. Surg Neurol. 38(3):225-31, 1992
Sandhu FS et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(6):1087-93, 1991
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA)
Synonyms
Spinal epidural empyema
Definitions
Extradural spinal infection with abscess formation
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Houston R et al: Spinal epidural abscess in children: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 126:453-60, 2019
Babic M et al: Infections of the spine. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 31(2):279-97, 2017
Patel AR et al: Spinal epidural abscesses: risk factors, medical versus surgical management, a retrospective review of 128 cases. Spine J. 14(2):326-30, 2014
Lim HY et al: Chronic spinal subdural abscess mimicking an intradural-extramedullary tumor. Eur Spine J. 22 Suppl 3:S497-500, 2013
Sandler AL et al: Infections of the spinal subdural space in children: a series of 11 contemporary cases and review of all published reports. A multinational collaborative effort. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(1):105-17, 2013
Diehn FE: Imaging of spine infection. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(4):777-98, 2012
Fuentes Ferrer M et al: Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series. Int Orthop. 36(2):221-31, 2012
Huang PY et al: Spinal epidural abscess in adults caused by Staphylococcus aureus: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 114(6):572-6, 2012
Shousha M et al: Surgical treatment of cervical spondylodiscitis: a review of 30 consecutive patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 37(1):E30-6, 2012
González-López JJ et al: Spontaneous epidural abscess: analysis of 15 cases with emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic factors. Eur J Intern Med. 20(5):514-7, 2009
Karikari IO et al: Management of a spontaneous spinal epidural abscess: a single-center 10-year experience. Neurosurgery. 65(5):919-23; discussion 923-4, 2009
Huang RC et al: Cervical epidural abscess after epidural steroid injection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 29(1):E7-9, 2004
Eastwood JD et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging in a patient with vertebral and epidural abscesses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 23(3):496-8, 2002
Varma R et al: Imaging of pyogenic infectious spondylodiskitis. Radiol Clin North Am. 39(2):203-13, 2001
Reihsaus E et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 23(4):175-204; discussion 205, 2000
Ruiz A et al: MR imaging of infections of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):561-80, 2000
Sampath P et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Spinal Disord. 12(2):89-93, 1999
Tung GA et al: Spinal epidural abscess: correlation between MRI findings and outcome. Neuroradiology. 41(12):904-9, 1999
Khanna RK et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation of factors influencing outcome. Neurosurgery. 39(5):958-64, 1996
Numaguchi Y et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiographics. 13(3):545-59; discussion 559-60, 1993
Nussbaum ES et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review. Surg Neurol. 38(3):225-31, 1992
Sandhu FS et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(6):1087-93, 1991
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