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Epidural Abscess
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Spinal epidural abscess (SEA)
            • Synonyms

              • Spinal epidural empyema
            • Definitions

              • Extradural spinal infection with abscess formation

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Radiographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Nonvascular Interventions

                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                        • Imaging Recommendations

                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                            PATHOLOGY

                            • General Features

                              • Microscopic Features

                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                • Presentation

                                  • Demographics

                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                      • Treatment

                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Houston R et al: Spinal epidural abscess in children: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 126:453-60, 2019
                                          2. Chow F: Brain and spinal epidural abscess. continuum (Minneap Minn). 24(5, Neuroinfectious Disease):1327-48, 2018
                                          3. Babic M et al: Infections of the spine. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 31(2):279-97, 2017
                                          4. Patel AR et al: Spinal epidural abscesses: risk factors, medical versus surgical management, a retrospective review of 128 cases. Spine J. 14(2):326-30, 2014
                                          5. Lim HY et al: Chronic spinal subdural abscess mimicking an intradural-extramedullary tumor. Eur Spine J. 22 Suppl 3:S497-500, 2013
                                          6. Sandler AL et al: Infections of the spinal subdural space in children: a series of 11 contemporary cases and review of all published reports. A multinational collaborative effort. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(1):105-17, 2013
                                          7. Diehn FE: Imaging of spine infection. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(4):777-98, 2012
                                          8. Fuentes Ferrer M et al: Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series. Int Orthop. 36(2):221-31, 2012
                                          9. Huang PY et al: Spinal epidural abscess in adults caused by Staphylococcus aureus: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 114(6):572-6, 2012
                                          10. Shousha M et al: Surgical treatment of cervical spondylodiscitis: a review of 30 consecutive patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 37(1):E30-6, 2012
                                          11. González-López JJ et al: Spontaneous epidural abscess: analysis of 15 cases with emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic factors. Eur J Intern Med. 20(5):514-7, 2009
                                          12. Karikari IO et al: Management of a spontaneous spinal epidural abscess: a single-center 10-year experience. Neurosurgery. 65(5):919-23; discussion 923-4, 2009
                                          13. Huang RC et al: Cervical epidural abscess after epidural steroid injection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 29(1):E7-9, 2004
                                          14. Eastwood JD et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging in a patient with vertebral and epidural abscesses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 23(3):496-8, 2002
                                          15. Varma R et al: Imaging of pyogenic infectious spondylodiskitis. Radiol Clin North Am. 39(2):203-13, 2001
                                          16. Reihsaus E et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 23(4):175-204; discussion 205, 2000
                                          17. Ruiz A et al: MR imaging of infections of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):561-80, 2000
                                          18. Sampath P et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Spinal Disord. 12(2):89-93, 1999
                                          19. Tung GA et al: Spinal epidural abscess: correlation between MRI findings and outcome. Neuroradiology. 41(12):904-9, 1999
                                          20. Khanna RK et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation of factors influencing outcome. Neurosurgery. 39(5):958-64, 1996
                                          21. Numaguchi Y et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiographics. 13(3):545-59; discussion 559-60, 1993
                                          22. Nussbaum ES et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review. Surg Neurol. 38(3):225-31, 1992
                                          23. Sandhu FS et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(6):1087-93, 1991
                                          Related Anatomy
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                                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                          References
                                          Tables

                                          Tables

                                          KEY FACTS

                                          • Terminology

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                • Pathology

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Abbreviations

                                                      • Spinal epidural abscess (SEA)
                                                    • Synonyms

                                                      • Spinal epidural empyema
                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Extradural spinal infection with abscess formation

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Radiographic Findings

                                                        • CT Findings

                                                          • MR Findings

                                                            • Nonvascular Interventions

                                                              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                                    • General Features

                                                                      • Microscopic Features

                                                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                        • Presentation

                                                                          • Demographics

                                                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                              • Treatment

                                                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                  1. Houston R et al: Spinal epidural abscess in children: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 126:453-60, 2019
                                                                                  2. Chow F: Brain and spinal epidural abscess. continuum (Minneap Minn). 24(5, Neuroinfectious Disease):1327-48, 2018
                                                                                  3. Babic M et al: Infections of the spine. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 31(2):279-97, 2017
                                                                                  4. Patel AR et al: Spinal epidural abscesses: risk factors, medical versus surgical management, a retrospective review of 128 cases. Spine J. 14(2):326-30, 2014
                                                                                  5. Lim HY et al: Chronic spinal subdural abscess mimicking an intradural-extramedullary tumor. Eur Spine J. 22 Suppl 3:S497-500, 2013
                                                                                  6. Sandler AL et al: Infections of the spinal subdural space in children: a series of 11 contemporary cases and review of all published reports. A multinational collaborative effort. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(1):105-17, 2013
                                                                                  7. Diehn FE: Imaging of spine infection. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(4):777-98, 2012
                                                                                  8. Fuentes Ferrer M et al: Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series. Int Orthop. 36(2):221-31, 2012
                                                                                  9. Huang PY et al: Spinal epidural abscess in adults caused by Staphylococcus aureus: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 114(6):572-6, 2012
                                                                                  10. Shousha M et al: Surgical treatment of cervical spondylodiscitis: a review of 30 consecutive patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 37(1):E30-6, 2012
                                                                                  11. González-López JJ et al: Spontaneous epidural abscess: analysis of 15 cases with emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic factors. Eur J Intern Med. 20(5):514-7, 2009
                                                                                  12. Karikari IO et al: Management of a spontaneous spinal epidural abscess: a single-center 10-year experience. Neurosurgery. 65(5):919-23; discussion 923-4, 2009
                                                                                  13. Huang RC et al: Cervical epidural abscess after epidural steroid injection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 29(1):E7-9, 2004
                                                                                  14. Eastwood JD et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging in a patient with vertebral and epidural abscesses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 23(3):496-8, 2002
                                                                                  15. Varma R et al: Imaging of pyogenic infectious spondylodiskitis. Radiol Clin North Am. 39(2):203-13, 2001
                                                                                  16. Reihsaus E et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 23(4):175-204; discussion 205, 2000
                                                                                  17. Ruiz A et al: MR imaging of infections of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):561-80, 2000
                                                                                  18. Sampath P et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Spinal Disord. 12(2):89-93, 1999
                                                                                  19. Tung GA et al: Spinal epidural abscess: correlation between MRI findings and outcome. Neuroradiology. 41(12):904-9, 1999
                                                                                  20. Khanna RK et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation of factors influencing outcome. Neurosurgery. 39(5):958-64, 1996
                                                                                  21. Numaguchi Y et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiographics. 13(3):545-59; discussion 559-60, 1993
                                                                                  22. Nussbaum ES et al: Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review. Surg Neurol. 38(3):225-31, 1992
                                                                                  23. Sandhu FS et al: Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(6):1087-93, 1991