Primary esophageal motility disorder due to defective neural stimulation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Sanaka MR et al: Peroral endoscopic myotomy is a safe and effective treatment modality for geriatric patients with achalasia. Esophagus. 17(4):484-91, 2020
Laurino-Neto RM et al: Evaluation of esophageal achalasia: from symptoms to the Chicago classification. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 31(2):e1376, 2018
Tuason J et al: Current status of achalasia management: a review on diagnosis and treatment. J Gastroenterol. 52(4):401-6, 2017
Teitelbaum EN et al: Symptomatic and physiologic outcomes one year after peroral esophageal myotomy (POEM) for treatment of achalasia. Surg Endosc. 28(12):3359-65, 2014
Williams VA et al: Achalasia of the esophagus: a surgical disease. J Am Coll Surg. 208(1):151-62, 2009
Richter JE: Update on the management of achalasia: balloons, surgery and drugs. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2(3):435-45, 2008
Sabharwal T et al: Balloon dilation for achalasia of the cardia: experience in 76 patients. Radiology. 224(3):719-24, 2002
Vaezi MF et al: Timed barium oesophagram: better predictor of long term success after pneumatic dilation in achalasia than symptom assessment. Gut. 50(6):765-70, 2002
Adler DG et al: Primary esophageal motility disorders. Mayo Clin Proc. 76(2):195-200, 2001
Woodfield CA et al: Diagnosis of primary versus secondary achalasia: reassessment of clinical and radiographic criteria. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):727-31, 2000
de Oliveira JM et al: Timed barium swallow: a simple technique for evaluating esophageal emptying in patients with achalasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(2):473-9, 1997
Noh HM et al: CT of the esophagus: spectrum of disease with emphasis on esophageal carcinoma. Radiographics. 15(5):1113-34, 1995
Schima W et al: Esophageal motor disorders: videofluoroscopic and manometric evaluation--prospective study in 88 symptomatic patients. Radiology. 185(2):487-91, 1992
Frankhuisen R et al: Functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome in patients with achalasia and its association with non-cardiac chest pain and a decreased health-related quality of life. Scand J Gastroenterol.
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Cardiospasm
Definitions
Primary esophageal motility disorder due to defective neural stimulation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Sanaka MR et al: Peroral endoscopic myotomy is a safe and effective treatment modality for geriatric patients with achalasia. Esophagus. 17(4):484-91, 2020
Laurino-Neto RM et al: Evaluation of esophageal achalasia: from symptoms to the Chicago classification. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 31(2):e1376, 2018
Tuason J et al: Current status of achalasia management: a review on diagnosis and treatment. J Gastroenterol. 52(4):401-6, 2017
Teitelbaum EN et al: Symptomatic and physiologic outcomes one year after peroral esophageal myotomy (POEM) for treatment of achalasia. Surg Endosc. 28(12):3359-65, 2014
Williams VA et al: Achalasia of the esophagus: a surgical disease. J Am Coll Surg. 208(1):151-62, 2009
Richter JE: Update on the management of achalasia: balloons, surgery and drugs. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2(3):435-45, 2008
Sabharwal T et al: Balloon dilation for achalasia of the cardia: experience in 76 patients. Radiology. 224(3):719-24, 2002
Vaezi MF et al: Timed barium oesophagram: better predictor of long term success after pneumatic dilation in achalasia than symptom assessment. Gut. 50(6):765-70, 2002
Adler DG et al: Primary esophageal motility disorders. Mayo Clin Proc. 76(2):195-200, 2001
Woodfield CA et al: Diagnosis of primary versus secondary achalasia: reassessment of clinical and radiographic criteria. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):727-31, 2000
de Oliveira JM et al: Timed barium swallow: a simple technique for evaluating esophageal emptying in patients with achalasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(2):473-9, 1997
Noh HM et al: CT of the esophagus: spectrum of disease with emphasis on esophageal carcinoma. Radiographics. 15(5):1113-34, 1995
Schima W et al: Esophageal motor disorders: videofluoroscopic and manometric evaluation--prospective study in 88 symptomatic patients. Radiology. 185(2):487-91, 1992
Frankhuisen R et al: Functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome in patients with achalasia and its association with non-cardiac chest pain and a decreased health-related quality of life. Scand J Gastroenterol.
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