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Esophageal Perforation
Atif Zaheer, MDMichael P. Federle, MD, FACR
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Top Differential Diagnoses

      TERMINOLOGY

      • Abbreviations

        • Esophageal perforation (EP)
      • Synonyms

        • Esophageal rupture or transection
      • Definitions

        • Transmural esophageal tear

      IMAGING

      • General Features

        • Radiographic Findings

          • Fluoroscopic Findings

            • CT Findings

              • Imaging Recommendations

                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                  PATHOLOGY

                  • General Features

                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                    • Presentation

                      • Demographics

                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                          • Treatment

                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                            • Consider

                              • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                Selected References

                                1. Chirica M et al: Esophageal emergencies: WSES guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 14:26, 2019
                                2. Sdralis EIK et al: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of esophageal perforations: systematic review. Dis Esophagus. 30(8):1-6, 2017
                                3. Dent B et al: Minimally invasive endoscopic therapy for the management of Boerhaave's syndrome. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 96(3):253-4, 2014
                                4. Freeman RK et al: Esophageal stent placement for the treatment of spontaneous esophageal perforations. Ann Thorac Surg. 88(1):194-8, 2009
                                5. Buecker A et al: Esophageal perforation: comparison of use of aqueous and barium-containing contrast media. Radiology. 202(3):683-6, 1997
                                6. Hoover EL: The diagnosis and management of esophageal perforations. J Natl Med Assoc. 83(3):246-8, 1991
                                7. Tang SJ et al: Iatrogenic esophageal submucosal dissection after attempted diagnostic gastroscopy (with videos). Laryngoscope. 119(1):36-8, 2009
                                8. Nerot C et al: Esophageal perforation after fracture of the cervical spine: case report and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord Tech. 15(6):513-8, 2002
                                9. Kim IO et al: Perforation complicating balloon dilation of esophageal strictures in infants and children. Radiology. 189(3):741-4, 1993
                                10. Niezgoda JA et al: Pharyngoesophageal perforation after blunt neck trauma. Ann Thorac Surg. 50(4):615-7, 1990
                                Related Anatomy
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                                Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                References
                                Tables

                                Tables

                                KEY FACTS

                                • Imaging

                                  • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                    • Abbreviations

                                      • Esophageal perforation (EP)
                                    • Synonyms

                                      • Esophageal rupture or transection
                                    • Definitions

                                      • Transmural esophageal tear

                                    IMAGING

                                    • General Features

                                      • Radiographic Findings

                                        • Fluoroscopic Findings

                                          • CT Findings

                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                • General Features

                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                  • Presentation

                                                    • Demographics

                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                        • Treatment

                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                          • Consider

                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                              Selected References

                                                              1. Chirica M et al: Esophageal emergencies: WSES guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 14:26, 2019
                                                              2. Sdralis EIK et al: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of esophageal perforations: systematic review. Dis Esophagus. 30(8):1-6, 2017
                                                              3. Dent B et al: Minimally invasive endoscopic therapy for the management of Boerhaave's syndrome. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 96(3):253-4, 2014
                                                              4. Freeman RK et al: Esophageal stent placement for the treatment of spontaneous esophageal perforations. Ann Thorac Surg. 88(1):194-8, 2009
                                                              5. Buecker A et al: Esophageal perforation: comparison of use of aqueous and barium-containing contrast media. Radiology. 202(3):683-6, 1997
                                                              6. Hoover EL: The diagnosis and management of esophageal perforations. J Natl Med Assoc. 83(3):246-8, 1991
                                                              7. Tang SJ et al: Iatrogenic esophageal submucosal dissection after attempted diagnostic gastroscopy (with videos). Laryngoscope. 119(1):36-8, 2009
                                                              8. Nerot C et al: Esophageal perforation after fracture of the cervical spine: case report and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord Tech. 15(6):513-8, 2002
                                                              9. Kim IO et al: Perforation complicating balloon dilation of esophageal strictures in infants and children. Radiology. 189(3):741-4, 1993
                                                              10. Niezgoda JA et al: Pharyngoesophageal perforation after blunt neck trauma. Ann Thorac Surg. 50(4):615-7, 1990