Dilated tortuous submucosal venous plexus of esophagus
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Li Y et al: Computed tomography vs liver stiffness measurement and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 26(18):2247-67, 2020
Salahshour F et al: Esophageal variceal hemorrhage: the role of MDCT characteristics in predicting the presence of varices and bleeding risk. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(8):2305-14, 2020
Motosugi U et al: Four-dimensional flow MRI as a marker for risk stratification of gastroesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Radiology. 290(1):101-7, 2019
Manatsathit W et al: Accuracy of liver stiffness, spleen stiffness, and LS-spleen diameter to platelet ratio score in detection of esophageal varices: systemic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 33(10):1696-706, 2018
Aguilar-Olivos N et al: Hemodynamic effect of carvedilol vs. propranolol in cirrhotic patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hepatol. 13(4):420-8, 2014
Hong WD et al: Predictors of esophageal varices in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis: a retrospective study. BMC Gastroenterol. 9:11, 2009
Sass DA et al: Portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage. Med Clin North Am. 93(4):837-53, vii-viii, 2009
Kang HK et al: Three-dimensional multi-detector row CT portal venography in the evaluation of portosystemic collateral vessels in liver cirrhosis. Radiographics. 22(5):1053-61, 2002
Matsumoto A et al: Three-dimensional portography using multislice helical CT is clinically useful for management of gastric fundic varices. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(4):899-905, 2001
Horton KM et al: Paraumbilical vein in the cirrhotic patient: imaging with 3D CT angiography. Abdom Imaging. 23(4):404-8, 1998
Kishimoto R et al: Esophageal varices: evaluation with transabdominal US. Radiology. 206(3):647-50, 1998
Lee SJ et al: Computed radiography of the chest in patients with paraesophageal varices: diagnostic accuracy and characteristic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(6):1527-31, 1998
Cho KC et al: Varices in portal hypertension: evaluation with CT. Radiographics. 15(3):609-22, 1995
Itai Y et al: CT and MRI in detection of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 18(5):768-73, 1994
Nelson RC et al: Splenic venous flow exceeding portal venous flow at Doppler sonography: relationship to portosystemic varices. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161(3):563-7, 1993
Balthazar EJ et al: CT evaluation of esophageal varices. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 148(1):131-5, 1987
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References
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KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Dilated tortuous submucosal venous plexus of esophagus
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Li Y et al: Computed tomography vs liver stiffness measurement and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 26(18):2247-67, 2020
Salahshour F et al: Esophageal variceal hemorrhage: the role of MDCT characteristics in predicting the presence of varices and bleeding risk. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(8):2305-14, 2020
Motosugi U et al: Four-dimensional flow MRI as a marker for risk stratification of gastroesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Radiology. 290(1):101-7, 2019
Manatsathit W et al: Accuracy of liver stiffness, spleen stiffness, and LS-spleen diameter to platelet ratio score in detection of esophageal varices: systemic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 33(10):1696-706, 2018
Aguilar-Olivos N et al: Hemodynamic effect of carvedilol vs. propranolol in cirrhotic patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hepatol. 13(4):420-8, 2014
Hong WD et al: Predictors of esophageal varices in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis: a retrospective study. BMC Gastroenterol. 9:11, 2009
Sass DA et al: Portal hypertension and variceal hemorrhage. Med Clin North Am. 93(4):837-53, vii-viii, 2009
Kang HK et al: Three-dimensional multi-detector row CT portal venography in the evaluation of portosystemic collateral vessels in liver cirrhosis. Radiographics. 22(5):1053-61, 2002
Matsumoto A et al: Three-dimensional portography using multislice helical CT is clinically useful for management of gastric fundic varices. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(4):899-905, 2001
Horton KM et al: Paraumbilical vein in the cirrhotic patient: imaging with 3D CT angiography. Abdom Imaging. 23(4):404-8, 1998
Kishimoto R et al: Esophageal varices: evaluation with transabdominal US. Radiology. 206(3):647-50, 1998
Lee SJ et al: Computed radiography of the chest in patients with paraesophageal varices: diagnostic accuracy and characteristic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(6):1527-31, 1998
Cho KC et al: Varices in portal hypertension: evaluation with CT. Radiographics. 15(3):609-22, 1995
Itai Y et al: CT and MRI in detection of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 18(5):768-73, 1994
Nelson RC et al: Splenic venous flow exceeding portal venous flow at Doppler sonography: relationship to portosystemic varices. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161(3):563-7, 1993
Balthazar EJ et al: CT evaluation of esophageal varices. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 148(1):131-5, 1987
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