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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Eventration: Thinning of diaphragmatic muscle, which still retains its continuity and attachments to costal margin
- Paralysis: Properly formed diaphragm muscle that fails to contract
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Chest x-ray
Ultrasonographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Boussuges A et al: Assessment of diaphragmatic function by ultrasonography: current approach and perspectives. World J Clin Cases. 8(12):2408-24, 2020
- Sarwal A et al: Neuromuscular ultrasound for evaluation of the diaphragm. Muscle Nerve. 47(3):319-29, 2013
- Nason LK et al: Imaging of the diaphragm: anatomy and function. Radiographics. 32(2):E51-70, 2012
- Maish MS: The diaphragm. Surg Clin North Am. 90(5):955-68, 2010
- Boussuges A et al: Diaphragmatic motion studied by m-mode ultrasonography: methods, reproducibility, and normal values. Chest. 135(2):391-400, 2009
- Congenital diaphragmatic eventration as a cause of anterior mediastinal mass in the children imaging modalities and literature review: Eren S, Ceviz N, Alper F. Eur J Radiol. 51(1):85-90, 2004
- The "dependent viscera" sign in CT diagnosis of blunt traumatic diaphragmatic rupture: Bergin D, Ennis R, Keogh C, Fenlon HM, Murray JG. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 177(5):1137-40, 2001
- Imaging the diaphragm and its disorders: Tarver RD, Conces DJ Jr, Cory DA, Vix VA. J Thorac Imaging. 4(1):1-18, 1989
- Congenital partial eventration of the left diaphragm: Hesselink JR, Chung KJ, Peters ME, Crummy AB. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 131(3):417-9, 1978
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Eventration: Thinning of diaphragmatic muscle, which still retains its continuity and attachments to costal margin
- Paralysis: Properly formed diaphragm muscle that fails to contract
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Chest x-ray
Ultrasonographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Boussuges A et al: Assessment of diaphragmatic function by ultrasonography: current approach and perspectives. World J Clin Cases. 8(12):2408-24, 2020
- Sarwal A et al: Neuromuscular ultrasound for evaluation of the diaphragm. Muscle Nerve. 47(3):319-29, 2013
- Nason LK et al: Imaging of the diaphragm: anatomy and function. Radiographics. 32(2):E51-70, 2012
- Maish MS: The diaphragm. Surg Clin North Am. 90(5):955-68, 2010
- Boussuges A et al: Diaphragmatic motion studied by m-mode ultrasonography: methods, reproducibility, and normal values. Chest. 135(2):391-400, 2009
- Congenital diaphragmatic eventration as a cause of anterior mediastinal mass in the children imaging modalities and literature review: Eren S, Ceviz N, Alper F. Eur J Radiol. 51(1):85-90, 2004
- The "dependent viscera" sign in CT diagnosis of blunt traumatic diaphragmatic rupture: Bergin D, Ennis R, Keogh C, Fenlon HM, Murray JG. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 177(5):1137-40, 2001
- Imaging the diaphragm and its disorders: Tarver RD, Conces DJ Jr, Cory DA, Vix VA. J Thorac Imaging. 4(1):1-18, 1989
- Congenital partial eventration of the left diaphragm: Hesselink JR, Chung KJ, Peters ME, Crummy AB. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 131(3):417-9, 1978
