Ewing sarcoma (EWS) family of tumors: Ewing, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), Askin tumor, extraosseous Ewing
Definitions
Aggressive small round blue cell tumor that typically arises in bone
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Murphey MD et al: Staging and classification of primary musculoskeletal bone and soft tissue tumors based on the 2020 WHO update, from the AJR special series on cancer staging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. ePub, 2021
Parlak Ş et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging for the differentiation of Ewing sarcoma from osteosarcoma. Skeletal Radiol. 50(10):2023-30, 2021
Harrison DJ et al: PET with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose/computed tomography in the management of pediatric sarcoma. PET Clin. 15(3):333-47, 2020
Saleh MM et al: Multiparametric MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging in predicting response to chemotherapy in cases of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Br J Radiol. 93(1115):20200257, 2020
Tal AL et al: The utility of 18FDG PET/CT versus bone scan for identification of bone metastases in a pediatric sarcoma population and a review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 43(2):52-8, 2020
Veselis CA et al: Bone tumors occurring in the soft tissues: a review of the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 50(3):419-29, 2020
Marina N et al: Age, tumor characteristics, and treatment regimen as event predictors in Ewing: a children's oncology group report. Sarcoma. 2015:927123, 2015
McCarville MB et al: Distinguishing osteomyelitis from Ewing sarcoma on radiography and MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205(3):640-50; quiz 651, 2015
Orr WS et al: Analysis of prognostic factors in extraosseous Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: review of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital experience. Ann Surg Oncol. 19(12):3816-22, 2012
Olmos D et al: Targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in Ewing's sarcoma: reality and expectations. Sarcoma. 2011:402508, 2011
Balamuth NJ et al: Ewing's sarcoma. Lancet Oncol. 11(2):184-92, 2010
Mody RJ et al: FDG PET imaging of childhood sarcomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 54(2):222-7, 2010
Charest M et al: FDG PET/CT imaging in primary osseous and soft tissue sarcomas: a retrospective review of 212 cases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 36(12):1944-51, 2009
Peersman B et al: Ewing's sarcoma: imaging features. JBR-BTR. 90(5):368-76, 2007
Hayashida Y et al: Monitoring therapeutic responses of primary bone tumors by diffusion-weighted image: Initial results. Eur Radiol. 16(12):2637-43, 2006
Kumar R et al: Role of PET/PET-CT in the management of sarcomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 6(8):1241-50, 2006
Schuetze SM et al: Use of positron emission tomography in localized extremity soft tissue sarcoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer. 103(2):339-48, 2005
Kutluk MT et al: Treatment results and prognostic factors in Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 21(7):597-610, 2004
Hawkins DS et al: Evaluation of chemotherapy response in pediatric bone sarcomas by [F-18]-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography. Cancer. 94(12):3277-84, 2002
PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board: Ewing Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version, 2002
Lang P et al: Musculoskeletal neoplasm: perineoplastic edema versus tumor on dynamic postcontrast MR images with spatial mapping of instantaneous enhancement rates. Radiology. 197(3):831-9, 1995
Eggli KD et al: Ewing's sarcoma. Radiol Clin North Am. 31(2):325-37, 1993
Reinus WR et al: Prognostic features of Ewing sarcoma on plain radiograph and computed tomography scan after initial treatment. A Pediatric Oncology Group study (8346). Cancer. 72(8):2503-10, 1993
Rud NP et al: Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma. A study of 42 cases. Cancer. 64(7):1548-53, 1989
Reinus WR et al: Radiology of Ewing's sarcoma; intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study (IESS). RadioGraphics. 4:929-44, 1984
Lombardi F et al: Ewing's sarcoma: an approach to radiological diagnosis. Tumori. 65(3):389-99, 1979
Ewing Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®)--Health Professional Version
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Malignant primary bone tumor
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) family of tumors: Ewing, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), Askin tumor, extraosseous Ewing
Definitions
Aggressive small round blue cell tumor that typically arises in bone
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Murphey MD et al: Staging and classification of primary musculoskeletal bone and soft tissue tumors based on the 2020 WHO update, from the AJR special series on cancer staging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. ePub, 2021
Parlak Ş et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging for the differentiation of Ewing sarcoma from osteosarcoma. Skeletal Radiol. 50(10):2023-30, 2021
Harrison DJ et al: PET with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose/computed tomography in the management of pediatric sarcoma. PET Clin. 15(3):333-47, 2020
Saleh MM et al: Multiparametric MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging in predicting response to chemotherapy in cases of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Br J Radiol. 93(1115):20200257, 2020
Tal AL et al: The utility of 18FDG PET/CT versus bone scan for identification of bone metastases in a pediatric sarcoma population and a review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 43(2):52-8, 2020
Veselis CA et al: Bone tumors occurring in the soft tissues: a review of the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 50(3):419-29, 2020
Marina N et al: Age, tumor characteristics, and treatment regimen as event predictors in Ewing: a children's oncology group report. Sarcoma. 2015:927123, 2015
McCarville MB et al: Distinguishing osteomyelitis from Ewing sarcoma on radiography and MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205(3):640-50; quiz 651, 2015
Orr WS et al: Analysis of prognostic factors in extraosseous Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: review of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital experience. Ann Surg Oncol. 19(12):3816-22, 2012
Olmos D et al: Targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in Ewing's sarcoma: reality and expectations. Sarcoma. 2011:402508, 2011
Balamuth NJ et al: Ewing's sarcoma. Lancet Oncol. 11(2):184-92, 2010
Mody RJ et al: FDG PET imaging of childhood sarcomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 54(2):222-7, 2010
Charest M et al: FDG PET/CT imaging in primary osseous and soft tissue sarcomas: a retrospective review of 212 cases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 36(12):1944-51, 2009
Peersman B et al: Ewing's sarcoma: imaging features. JBR-BTR. 90(5):368-76, 2007
Hayashida Y et al: Monitoring therapeutic responses of primary bone tumors by diffusion-weighted image: Initial results. Eur Radiol. 16(12):2637-43, 2006
Kumar R et al: Role of PET/PET-CT in the management of sarcomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 6(8):1241-50, 2006
Schuetze SM et al: Use of positron emission tomography in localized extremity soft tissue sarcoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer. 103(2):339-48, 2005
Kutluk MT et al: Treatment results and prognostic factors in Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 21(7):597-610, 2004
Hawkins DS et al: Evaluation of chemotherapy response in pediatric bone sarcomas by [F-18]-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography. Cancer. 94(12):3277-84, 2002
PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board: Ewing Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version, 2002
Lang P et al: Musculoskeletal neoplasm: perineoplastic edema versus tumor on dynamic postcontrast MR images with spatial mapping of instantaneous enhancement rates. Radiology. 197(3):831-9, 1995
Eggli KD et al: Ewing's sarcoma. Radiol Clin North Am. 31(2):325-37, 1993
Reinus WR et al: Prognostic features of Ewing sarcoma on plain radiograph and computed tomography scan after initial treatment. A Pediatric Oncology Group study (8346). Cancer. 72(8):2503-10, 1993
Rud NP et al: Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma. A study of 42 cases. Cancer. 64(7):1548-53, 1989
Reinus WR et al: Radiology of Ewing's sarcoma; intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study (IESS). RadioGraphics. 4:929-44, 1984
Lombardi F et al: Ewing's sarcoma: an approach to radiological diagnosis. Tumori. 65(3):389-99, 1979
Ewing Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®)--Health Professional Version
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